Key Insights
The Europe HVAC field device market, valued at €6.12 billion in 2025, is projected to experience robust growth, driven by increasing demand for energy-efficient building solutions and stringent environmental regulations across the region. The market's Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 5.60% from 2025 to 2033 indicates a significant expansion. Key growth drivers include the rising adoption of smart building technologies, a surge in construction activities particularly in the commercial and residential sectors, and increasing focus on improving indoor air quality. The market is segmented by end-user industry (commercial, residential, industrial), country (UK, Germany, France, and Rest of Europe), device type (control valves, balancing valves, PICVs, dampers, actuators), and sensor type (environmental, multi-sensors, air quality, occupancy/lighting). Germany, the UK, and France represent major market shares, reflecting their advanced building infrastructure and robust HVAC systems. However, growth opportunities exist in other European countries as they adopt modern HVAC technologies. While the market faces constraints such as high initial investment costs for smart building solutions and potential supply chain disruptions, the overall outlook remains positive, fueled by government incentives for green building initiatives and rising consumer awareness of energy efficiency.
The competitive landscape is characterized by a mix of established international players and regional manufacturers. Companies like Elektronische Bauelemente GmbH, Rohm Co Ltd, and Panasonic Corporation are major players, leveraging their technological expertise and established distribution networks. The market is expected to see increased consolidation and partnerships in the coming years as companies strive to expand their product portfolios and geographical reach. The strong emphasis on sustainable building practices and the integration of IoT technologies within HVAC systems will continue to shape the market's trajectory, fostering innovation in sensors, control systems, and energy management solutions. The continued expansion of smart home and building automation systems will further fuel demand for advanced HVAC field devices.

Europe HVAC Field Device Market: A Comprehensive Report (2019-2033)
This comprehensive report provides an in-depth analysis of the Europe HVAC field device market, covering the period from 2019 to 2033. With a focus on key market segments, leading players, and emerging trends, this report is an essential resource for industry professionals, investors, and strategic decision-makers seeking to understand and capitalize on the opportunities within this dynamic market. The report analyzes the market in Million units.
Study Period: 2019–2033 Base Year: 2025 Estimated Year: 2025 Forecast Period: 2025–2033 Historical Period: 2019–2024
Europe HVAC Field Device Market Dynamics & Structure
The European HVAC field device market is characterized by a moderately concentrated landscape with several key players competing for market share. Technological innovation, driven by the increasing demand for energy efficiency and smart building technologies, is a major driver of market growth. Stringent environmental regulations across Europe are also shaping market trends, pushing the adoption of more sustainable and efficient HVAC systems. The market faces competitive pressure from substitute technologies, and mergers and acquisitions activity is relatively moderate, with xx deals recorded in the past five years. End-user demographics, particularly in the residential sector, are influenced by rising energy costs and growing awareness of environmental issues.
- Market Concentration: Moderately concentrated, with top 10 players holding approximately xx% market share (2024).
- Technological Innovation: Strong focus on IoT integration, smart controls, and energy-efficient designs.
- Regulatory Landscape: Stringent energy efficiency standards and environmental regulations driving market growth.
- Competitive Substitutes: Growing competition from alternative solutions like smart thermostats and decentralized ventilation systems.
- M&A Activity: Moderate activity, with xx deals recorded between 2019 and 2024.
- End-User Demographics: Growing demand from commercial and industrial sectors, fueled by refurbishment projects and new constructions.
Europe HVAC Field Device Market Growth Trends & Insights
The European HVAC field device market experienced steady growth during the historical period (2019-2024), with a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of xx%. The market size reached xx million units in 2024. Market growth is projected to accelerate in the forecast period (2025-2033), driven by factors such as increasing investments in building renovations, rising demand for smart buildings, and government initiatives promoting energy efficiency. The adoption rate of advanced field devices, such as smart sensors and controllers, is also increasing, further fueling market expansion. Technological disruptions, such as the introduction of IoT-enabled devices and AI-powered control systems, are transforming the market landscape. Consumer behavior shifts towards energy-conscious choices and preference for automated systems are also significant factors influencing market growth. The market is expected to reach xx million units by 2033, with a projected CAGR of xx% during the forecast period. Market penetration of smart HVAC field devices is expected to rise from xx% in 2024 to xx% by 2033.

Dominant Regions, Countries, or Segments in Europe HVAC Field Device Market
The United Kingdom, Germany, and France represent the largest national markets within Europe, contributing significantly to overall market growth. The commercial sector currently dominates the end-user industry segment, owing to extensive refurbishment and new construction projects. However, growth potential is significant in the residential sector, driven by rising consumer demand for energy-efficient heating and cooling solutions. The control valve segment holds the largest market share by type, followed by the damper actuator segment. Among sensors, environmental sensors currently lead the market, although multi-sensors and air quality sensors are gaining traction.
- Leading Region: Western Europe (United Kingdom, Germany, France)
- Leading Country: United Kingdom, driven by strong investment in building infrastructure and renovation projects.
- Leading End-user Industry: Commercial, fueled by large-scale building projects and retrofitting initiatives.
- Leading Type: Control Valves, due to their widespread application in HVAC systems.
- Leading Sensor: Environmental Sensors, catering to basic climate control needs.
- Growth Drivers: Stringent energy efficiency regulations, rising energy costs, and increasing focus on smart building technologies.
Europe HVAC Field Device Market Product Landscape
The HVAC field device market showcases a diverse range of products, encompassing control valves with advanced flow regulation capabilities, balancing valves for optimized system performance, and Pressure Independent Control Valves (PICV) for precise water flow management. Damper actuators and HVAC dampers provide enhanced control over airflow, while a variety of sensors including environmental, multi-sensors, air quality sensors, and occupancy/lighting sensors enable smart building functionalities. Unique selling propositions focus on energy efficiency, ease of installation, enhanced durability, and smart integration. Key technological advancements include IoT connectivity, AI-based control algorithms, and improved sensor accuracy.
Key Drivers, Barriers & Challenges in Europe HVAC Field Device Market
Key Drivers:
- Increasing demand for energy-efficient HVAC systems.
- Growing adoption of smart building technologies.
- Stringent environmental regulations promoting energy efficiency.
- Rising investments in building renovation and new construction projects.
Key Challenges:
- High initial costs associated with advanced field devices.
- Interoperability issues between different systems and devices.
- Supply chain disruptions impacting component availability and pricing.
- Intense competition among established and new market entrants. This competition may result in a xx% decrease in average selling prices over the forecast period.
Emerging Opportunities in Europe HVAC Field Device Market
- Growing demand for smart home and building automation solutions.
- Expansion into the rapidly growing renewable energy sector.
- Increasing adoption of AI-powered control systems.
- Development of next-generation sensors for enhanced building performance monitoring.
- Focus on energy-saving solutions for the residential sector.
Growth Accelerators in the Europe HVAC Field Device Market Industry
Technological breakthroughs, including the development of more efficient and cost-effective field devices, are significantly driving market expansion. Strategic partnerships between HVAC manufacturers and technology providers are accelerating innovation and market penetration. Government incentives and support programs promoting energy efficiency and smart building technologies are creating favorable market conditions for growth. Expansion strategies targeting untapped markets within Eastern Europe and the integration of new technologies within existing infrastructure are further accelerating market growth.
Key Players Shaping the Europe HVAC Field Device Market Market
- Elektronische Bauelemente GmbH (EBG)
- Ever Ohms Technology Co Ltd
- Rohm Co Ltd
- Walsin Technology Corporation
- Ta-I Technology Co Ltd
- Tateyama Kagaku Industry Co Ltd
- Samsung Electro-Mechanics
- Ralec Electronics Corporation
- Uniohm Corporation
- Panasonic Corporation
Notable Milestones in Europe HVAC Field Device Market Sector
- January 2023: SMACNA released an updated Fire, Smoke, and Radiation Damper Installation Guide, enhancing industry standards and driving adoption of safer damper technologies.
- January 2023: Equium launched a novel refrigerant-free thermo-acoustic heat pump core, creating new opportunities within the residential sector and promoting sustainable HVAC solutions.
In-Depth Europe HVAC Field Device Market Market Outlook
The future of the European HVAC field device market is promising, with strong growth prospects fueled by continued technological advancements, increasing demand for energy-efficient solutions, and supportive regulatory frameworks. Strategic opportunities exist in developing innovative products tailored to specific market needs, expanding into new geographical regions, and forging strategic partnerships to leverage expertise and resources. The market's potential for growth is significant, particularly in the residential segment, offering substantial opportunities for players to capitalize on the growing demand for energy-efficient and smart building technologies.
Europe HVAC Field Device Market Segmentation
-
1. Type
- 1.1. Control Valve
- 1.2. Balancing Valve
- 1.3. PICV
- 1.4. Damper HVAC
- 1.5. Damper Actuator HVAC
-
2. Sensors
- 2.1. Environmental Sensors
- 2.2. Multi Sensors
- 2.3. Air Quality Sensors
- 2.4. Occupancy and Lighting
-
3. End-user Industry
- 3.1. Commercial
- 3.2. Residential
- 3.3. Industrial
Europe HVAC Field Device Market Segmentation By Geography
-
1. Europe
- 1.1. United Kingdom
- 1.2. Germany
- 1.3. France
- 1.4. Italy
- 1.5. Spain
- 1.6. Netherlands
- 1.7. Belgium
- 1.8. Sweden
- 1.9. Norway
- 1.10. Poland
- 1.11. Denmark

Europe HVAC Field Device Market REPORT HIGHLIGHTS
Aspects | Details |
---|---|
Study Period | 2019-2033 |
Base Year | 2024 |
Estimated Year | 2025 |
Forecast Period | 2025-2033 |
Historical Period | 2019-2024 |
Growth Rate | CAGR of 5.60% from 2019-2033 |
Segmentation |
|
Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1. Research Scope
- 1.2. Market Segmentation
- 1.3. Research Methodology
- 1.4. Definitions and Assumptions
- 2. Executive Summary
- 2.1. Introduction
- 3. Market Dynamics
- 3.1. Introduction
- 3.2. Market Drivers
- 3.2.1. Development of the Construction Market; Supportive Government Regulations Including Incentives for Saving Energy through Tax Credit Programs; The Emergence of IoT and Product Innovations to Aid Replacements
- 3.3. Market Restrains
- 3.3.1. Dependence on Macro-economic Conditions; High Initial Cost of Energy Efficient Systems
- 3.4. Market Trends
- 3.4.1. Residential Sector to have the Major Market Share
- 4. Market Factor Analysis
- 4.1. Porters Five Forces
- 4.2. Supply/Value Chain
- 4.3. PESTEL analysis
- 4.4. Market Entropy
- 4.5. Patent/Trademark Analysis
- 5. Europe HVAC Field Device Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 5.1.1. Control Valve
- 5.1.2. Balancing Valve
- 5.1.3. PICV
- 5.1.4. Damper HVAC
- 5.1.5. Damper Actuator HVAC
- 5.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Sensors
- 5.2.1. Environmental Sensors
- 5.2.2. Multi Sensors
- 5.2.3. Air Quality Sensors
- 5.2.4. Occupancy and Lighting
- 5.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by End-user Industry
- 5.3.1. Commercial
- 5.3.2. Residential
- 5.3.3. Industrial
- 5.4. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Region
- 5.4.1. Europe
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 6. Germany Europe HVAC Field Device Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 7. France Europe HVAC Field Device Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 8. Italy Europe HVAC Field Device Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 9. United Kingdom Europe HVAC Field Device Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 10. Netherlands Europe HVAC Field Device Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 11. Sweden Europe HVAC Field Device Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 12. Rest of Europe Europe HVAC Field Device Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 13. Competitive Analysis
- 13.1. Market Share Analysis 2024
- 13.2. Company Profiles
- 13.2.1 Elektronische Bauelemente GmbH (EBG)
- 13.2.1.1. Overview
- 13.2.1.2. Products
- 13.2.1.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.1.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.1.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.2 Ever Ohms Technology Co Ltd
- 13.2.2.1. Overview
- 13.2.2.2. Products
- 13.2.2.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.2.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.2.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.3 Rohm Co Ltd
- 13.2.3.1. Overview
- 13.2.3.2. Products
- 13.2.3.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.3.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.3.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.4 Walsin Technology Corporation
- 13.2.4.1. Overview
- 13.2.4.2. Products
- 13.2.4.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.4.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.4.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.5 Ta-I Technology Co Ltd
- 13.2.5.1. Overview
- 13.2.5.2. Products
- 13.2.5.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.5.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.5.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.6 Tateyama Kagaku Industry Co Ltd
- 13.2.6.1. Overview
- 13.2.6.2. Products
- 13.2.6.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.6.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.6.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.7 Samsung Electro-Mechanics
- 13.2.7.1. Overview
- 13.2.7.2. Products
- 13.2.7.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.7.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.7.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.8 Ralec Electronics Corporation
- 13.2.8.1. Overview
- 13.2.8.2. Products
- 13.2.8.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.8.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.8.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.9 Uniohm Corporation
- 13.2.9.1. Overview
- 13.2.9.2. Products
- 13.2.9.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.9.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.9.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.10 Panasonic Corporation
- 13.2.10.1. Overview
- 13.2.10.2. Products
- 13.2.10.3. SWOT Analysis
- 13.2.10.4. Recent Developments
- 13.2.10.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 13.2.1 Elektronische Bauelemente GmbH (EBG)
List of Figures
- Figure 1: Europe HVAC Field Device Market Revenue Breakdown (Million, %) by Product 2024 & 2032
- Figure 2: Europe HVAC Field Device Market Share (%) by Company 2024
List of Tables
- Table 1: Europe HVAC Field Device Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 2: Europe HVAC Field Device Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 3: Europe HVAC Field Device Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 4: Europe HVAC Field Device Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 5: Europe HVAC Field Device Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Sensors 2019 & 2032
- Table 6: Europe HVAC Field Device Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Sensors 2019 & 2032
- Table 7: Europe HVAC Field Device Market Revenue Million Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 8: Europe HVAC Field Device Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 9: Europe HVAC Field Device Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 10: Europe HVAC Field Device Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 11: Europe HVAC Field Device Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 12: Europe HVAC Field Device Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 13: Germany Europe HVAC Field Device Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 14: Germany Europe HVAC Field Device Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 15: France Europe HVAC Field Device Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 16: France Europe HVAC Field Device Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 17: Italy Europe HVAC Field Device Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 18: Italy Europe HVAC Field Device Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 19: United Kingdom Europe HVAC Field Device Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 20: United Kingdom Europe HVAC Field Device Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 21: Netherlands Europe HVAC Field Device Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 22: Netherlands Europe HVAC Field Device Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 23: Sweden Europe HVAC Field Device Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 24: Sweden Europe HVAC Field Device Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 25: Rest of Europe Europe HVAC Field Device Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 26: Rest of Europe Europe HVAC Field Device Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 27: Europe HVAC Field Device Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 28: Europe HVAC Field Device Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 29: Europe HVAC Field Device Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Sensors 2019 & 2032
- Table 30: Europe HVAC Field Device Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Sensors 2019 & 2032
- Table 31: Europe HVAC Field Device Market Revenue Million Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 32: Europe HVAC Field Device Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by End-user Industry 2019 & 2032
- Table 33: Europe HVAC Field Device Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 34: Europe HVAC Field Device Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 35: United Kingdom Europe HVAC Field Device Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 36: United Kingdom Europe HVAC Field Device Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 37: Germany Europe HVAC Field Device Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 38: Germany Europe HVAC Field Device Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 39: France Europe HVAC Field Device Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 40: France Europe HVAC Field Device Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 41: Italy Europe HVAC Field Device Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 42: Italy Europe HVAC Field Device Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 43: Spain Europe HVAC Field Device Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 44: Spain Europe HVAC Field Device Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 45: Netherlands Europe HVAC Field Device Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 46: Netherlands Europe HVAC Field Device Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 47: Belgium Europe HVAC Field Device Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 48: Belgium Europe HVAC Field Device Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 49: Sweden Europe HVAC Field Device Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 50: Sweden Europe HVAC Field Device Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 51: Norway Europe HVAC Field Device Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 52: Norway Europe HVAC Field Device Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 53: Poland Europe HVAC Field Device Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 54: Poland Europe HVAC Field Device Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 55: Denmark Europe HVAC Field Device Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 56: Denmark Europe HVAC Field Device Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is the projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of the Europe HVAC Field Device Market?
The projected CAGR is approximately 5.60%.
2. Which companies are prominent players in the Europe HVAC Field Device Market?
Key companies in the market include Elektronische Bauelemente GmbH (EBG), Ever Ohms Technology Co Ltd, Rohm Co Ltd, Walsin Technology Corporation, Ta-I Technology Co Ltd, Tateyama Kagaku Industry Co Ltd, Samsung Electro-Mechanics, Ralec Electronics Corporation, Uniohm Corporation, Panasonic Corporation.
3. What are the main segments of the Europe HVAC Field Device Market?
The market segments include Type, Sensors, End-user Industry.
4. Can you provide details about the market size?
The market size is estimated to be USD 6.12 Million as of 2022.
5. What are some drivers contributing to market growth?
Development of the Construction Market; Supportive Government Regulations Including Incentives for Saving Energy through Tax Credit Programs; The Emergence of IoT and Product Innovations to Aid Replacements.
6. What are the notable trends driving market growth?
Residential Sector to have the Major Market Share.
7. Are there any restraints impacting market growth?
Dependence on Macro-economic Conditions; High Initial Cost of Energy Efficient Systems.
8. Can you provide examples of recent developments in the market?
January 2023: SMACNA released its latest edition of the Fire, Smoke, and Radiation Damper Installation Guide for HVAC Systems. The latest development features a slew of new information regarding damper installations and updated ICC, UMC, and NFPA code references. The revised standard provides contractors, designers, and other industry professionals with all the information needed to install and inspect fire, smoke, and radiation dampers.
9. What pricing options are available for accessing the report?
Pricing options include single-user, multi-user, and enterprise licenses priced at USD 4750, USD 4950, and USD 6800 respectively.
10. Is the market size provided in terms of value or volume?
The market size is provided in terms of value, measured in Million and volume, measured in K Unit.
11. Are there any specific market keywords associated with the report?
Yes, the market keyword associated with the report is "Europe HVAC Field Device Market," which aids in identifying and referencing the specific market segment covered.
12. How do I determine which pricing option suits my needs best?
The pricing options vary based on user requirements and access needs. Individual users may opt for single-user licenses, while businesses requiring broader access may choose multi-user or enterprise licenses for cost-effective access to the report.
13. Are there any additional resources or data provided in the Europe HVAC Field Device Market report?
While the report offers comprehensive insights, it's advisable to review the specific contents or supplementary materials provided to ascertain if additional resources or data are available.
14. How can I stay updated on further developments or reports in the Europe HVAC Field Device Market?
To stay informed about further developments, trends, and reports in the Europe HVAC Field Device Market, consider subscribing to industry newsletters, following relevant companies and organizations, or regularly checking reputable industry news sources and publications.
Methodology
Step 1 - Identification of Relevant Samples Size from Population Database



Step 2 - Approaches for Defining Global Market Size (Value, Volume* & Price*)

Note*: In applicable scenarios
Step 3 - Data Sources
Primary Research
- Web Analytics
- Survey Reports
- Research Institute
- Latest Research Reports
- Opinion Leaders
Secondary Research
- Annual Reports
- White Paper
- Latest Press Release
- Industry Association
- Paid Database
- Investor Presentations

Step 4 - Data Triangulation
Involves using different sources of information in order to increase the validity of a study
These sources are likely to be stakeholders in a program - participants, other researchers, program staff, other community members, and so on.
Then we put all data in single framework & apply various statistical tools to find out the dynamic on the market.
During the analysis stage, feedback from the stakeholder groups would be compared to determine areas of agreement as well as areas of divergence