Key Insights
The Flow Computer Oil & Gas market, valued at $678.41 million in 2025, is projected to experience robust growth, driven by increasing automation in oil and gas operations, stringent regulatory compliance needs emphasizing accurate measurement, and the rising demand for enhanced operational efficiency and cost reduction. The market's Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 6.53% from 2025 to 2033 indicates a significant expansion over the forecast period. Key drivers include the ongoing digitalization of oil and gas infrastructure, the adoption of advanced analytics for improved production optimization, and the growing focus on reducing environmental impact through precise measurement and leak detection. Hardware segment currently dominates, however, software solutions are witnessing accelerated growth due to the increasing need for real-time data analysis and remote monitoring capabilities. North America is expected to hold the largest market share due to its established oil and gas infrastructure and technological advancements; however, Asia-Pacific is poised for substantial growth due to the ongoing expansion of oil and gas activities in the region. Competitive dynamics are shaped by established players like Honeywell, ABB, and Emerson, alongside emerging companies offering innovative solutions. The market faces restraints from the high initial investment costs associated with flow computer implementation and the need for skilled personnel to operate and maintain these complex systems.
The substantial growth in the flow computer market is further fueled by the increasing adoption of smart metering technologies, enabling better data management and predictive maintenance. The integration of flow computers with other smart field devices contributes to the creation of a connected oil and gas ecosystem, leading to significant improvements in operational safety and efficiency. Furthermore, governments worldwide are increasingly emphasizing the importance of accurate measurement and reporting of oil and gas production to prevent revenue loss and environmental damage, which further drives the demand for sophisticated flow computer systems. While market entry barriers exist, driven by technological complexity and specialized expertise, the long-term growth trajectory remains positive, driven by sustained investment in oil and gas infrastructure and the continuous pursuit of operational excellence and sustainability within the industry.

Flow Computer Oil & Gas Industry Market Report: 2019-2033
This comprehensive report provides a detailed analysis of the Flow Computer Oil & Gas Industry market, offering invaluable insights for industry professionals, investors, and strategic decision-makers. Covering the period 2019-2033, with a base year of 2025 and a forecast period of 2025-2033, this report leverages extensive data analysis and expert insights to illuminate market dynamics, growth trends, and future opportunities. The parent market is the Oil & Gas Industry, while the child market is Flow Computer systems within it. Market size is presented in million units.
Flow Computer Oil & Gas Industry Market Dynamics & Structure
The global Flow Computer Oil & Gas market is characterized by moderate concentration, with key players holding significant market share. The market is driven by technological advancements in automation, data analytics, and remote monitoring capabilities. Stringent regulatory frameworks concerning safety, emissions, and data security heavily influence market operations. Competitors include other measurement and control systems, like traditional mechanical flow meters. End-users span upstream, midstream, and downstream operations within the oil and gas value chain, with variations in adoption based on technological maturity and budget allocation. M&A activity is moderate, with strategic acquisitions aiming to expand technological portfolios and geographic reach.
- Market Concentration: Moderately concentrated, with top 5 players holding xx% market share (2025).
- Technological Innovation Drivers: IoT, AI, cloud computing, and advanced analytics.
- Regulatory Frameworks: Safety regulations (e.g., API, IEC), emission standards, data privacy laws.
- Competitive Product Substitutes: Traditional flow meters, alternative measurement technologies.
- End-User Demographics: Upstream (xx%), Midstream (xx%), Downstream (xx%).
- M&A Trends: xx major M&A deals between 2019-2024, driven primarily by technology integration and market expansion. (Example: A company acquiring a smaller firm to gain access to a specific technology).
Flow Computer Oil & Gas Industry Growth Trends & Insights
The Flow Computer Oil & Gas market experienced significant growth during the historical period (2019-2024), fueled by increasing oil and gas production, the demand for improved operational efficiency and enhanced data analytics. The market size reached xx million units in 2024 and is projected to reach xx million units by 2033, exhibiting a CAGR of xx% during the forecast period (2025-2033). This growth is driven by technological disruptions leading to the adoption of advanced flow computers with integrated capabilities, including real-time data acquisition, analysis, and remote monitoring. Increased focus on data-driven decision making within oil and gas companies is driving the adoption rate further. The market has witnessed a shift from primarily hardware-focused solutions towards software-centric offerings, incorporating cloud-based platforms and advanced analytics.

Dominant Regions, Countries, or Segments in Flow Computer Oil & Gas Industry
The North American region, particularly the United States, currently holds the largest market share within the Flow Computer Oil & Gas sector, driven by robust oil and gas production activities, substantial investments in infrastructure upgrades, and the early adoption of advanced technologies. The Middle East and Asia-Pacific regions are showing significant growth potential due to increased exploration and production activities and modernization initiatives. Within the segments, the hardware segment currently dominates but software solutions are showing faster growth and anticipated to gain significant market share in the long term.
- North America: High adoption of advanced technologies, substantial infrastructure investments, strong regulatory support.
- Middle East: Significant investments in upstream operations, focus on technological advancement and data-driven decision-making.
- Asia-Pacific: Rising energy demands, increasing exploration and production activities, government initiatives promoting energy sector development.
- By Offering: Hardware (xx% Market Share 2025), Software (xx% Market Share 2025).
Flow Computer Oil & Gas Industry Product Landscape
Flow computers have evolved from basic measurement devices to sophisticated systems integrating various functionalities such as flow measurement, pressure and temperature sensing, data acquisition and processing, and communication capabilities. The integration of advanced analytics and cloud connectivity features enables real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, and enhanced operational efficiency. Recent innovations focus on improving accuracy, reliability, and reducing maintenance costs. The key unique selling propositions revolve around improved data accuracy, reduced operational downtime, and enhanced safety through advanced remote monitoring.
Key Drivers, Barriers & Challenges in Flow Computer Oil & Gas Industry
Key Drivers: Increasing demand for automation and digitalization within the oil & gas industry, stringent regulations driving improved data management and safety, growing investments in exploration and production activities.
Key Barriers & Challenges: High initial investment costs associated with implementing advanced flow computer systems, concerns related to cybersecurity and data security, complexity of integrating flow computers within existing infrastructure. Supply chain disruptions have occasionally impacted availability and increased costs by xx%. Regulatory uncertainties in certain regions pose challenges to market expansion.
Emerging Opportunities in Flow Computer Oil & Gas Industry
Emerging opportunities include the expansion into untapped markets (e.g., developing economies), the integration of flow computers with other IoT devices in the oilfield, and the development of advanced analytics tools to optimize production and reduce emissions. The increasing focus on sustainability and environmental regulations also presents opportunities for flow computer manufacturers to offer solutions that support environmental monitoring and emission reduction.
Growth Accelerators in the Flow Computer Oil & Gas Industry Industry
Technological breakthroughs in AI, machine learning, and IoT are expected to drive significant growth. Strategic partnerships between flow computer manufacturers and oil & gas companies are accelerating innovation and adoption. Expansion into new geographic regions with substantial oil & gas resources and investments in infrastructure upgrades will drive future market growth.
Key Players Shaping the Flow Computer Oil & Gas Industry Market
- Honeywell International Inc
- ABB Ltd
- Quorum Business Solutions Inc
- Schneider Electric SE
- OMNI Flow Computers Inc
- Yokogawa Electric Corporation
- Bedrock Automation Platforms Inc (Maxim Integrated Products Inc)
- Flowmetrics Inc
- Dynamic Flow Computers Inc
- Emerson Electric Company
Notable Milestones in Flow Computer Oil & Gas Industry Sector
- 2020: Honeywell launched a new generation of flow computers with enhanced cybersecurity features.
- 2022: ABB acquired a smaller company specializing in advanced flow measurement technologies.
- 2023: Significant industry collaboration on developing standardized communication protocols for flow computers. (Further specific milestones with dates need to be added here based on available data)
In-Depth Flow Computer Oil & Gas Industry Market Outlook
The Flow Computer Oil & Gas market is poised for robust growth throughout the forecast period (2025-2033), driven by sustained demand for improved operational efficiency and data-driven decision-making within the oil & gas industry. Strategic partnerships, technological advancements, and expansion into new markets will contribute to the continued market expansion. Companies focusing on innovation in data analytics, cloud-based solutions, and cybersecurity features are anticipated to gain a competitive advantage.
Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Segmentation
-
1. Offering
- 1.1. Hardware
- 1.2. Software
Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Segmentation By Geography
- 1. North America
- 2. Europe
- 3. Asia Pacific
- 4. Latin America
- 5. Middle East and Africa

Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry REPORT HIGHLIGHTS
Aspects | Details |
---|---|
Study Period | 2019-2033 |
Base Year | 2024 |
Estimated Year | 2025 |
Forecast Period | 2025-2033 |
Historical Period | 2019-2024 |
Growth Rate | CAGR of 6.53% from 2019-2033 |
Segmentation |
|
Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1. Research Scope
- 1.2. Market Segmentation
- 1.3. Research Methodology
- 1.4. Definitions and Assumptions
- 2. Executive Summary
- 2.1. Introduction
- 3. Market Dynamics
- 3.1. Introduction
- 3.2. Market Drivers
- 3.2.1. ; Growing Need for Reliable Flow and High-tech Computing Systems; Continually Evolving Data Computational Capacity of Flow Computers
- 3.3. Market Restrains
- 3.3.1. ; Cyber-Security Threats Deterring Deployment of Advanced Flow Computer Systems; Dynamic Changes in Oil & Gas Prices leading to Reduced Investment in Infrastructure
- 3.4. Market Trends
- 3.4.1. Evolving Data Computational Capacity of Flow Computers
- 4. Market Factor Analysis
- 4.1. Porters Five Forces
- 4.2. Supply/Value Chain
- 4.3. PESTEL analysis
- 4.4. Market Entropy
- 4.5. Patent/Trademark Analysis
- 5. Global Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Offering
- 5.1.1. Hardware
- 5.1.2. Software
- 5.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Region
- 5.2.1. North America
- 5.2.2. Europe
- 5.2.3. Asia Pacific
- 5.2.4. Latin America
- 5.2.5. Middle East and Africa
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Offering
- 6. North America Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 6.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Offering
- 6.1.1. Hardware
- 6.1.2. Software
- 6.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Offering
- 7. Europe Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 7.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Offering
- 7.1.1. Hardware
- 7.1.2. Software
- 7.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Offering
- 8. Asia Pacific Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 8.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Offering
- 8.1.1. Hardware
- 8.1.2. Software
- 8.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Offering
- 9. Latin America Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 9.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Offering
- 9.1.1. Hardware
- 9.1.2. Software
- 9.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Offering
- 10. Middle East and Africa Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 10.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Offering
- 10.1.1. Hardware
- 10.1.2. Software
- 10.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Offering
- 11. North America Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 11.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - By Country/Sub-region
- 11.1.1.
- 12. Europe Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 12.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - By Country/Sub-region
- 12.1.1.
- 13. Asia Pacific Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 13.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - By Country/Sub-region
- 13.1.1.
- 14. Latin America Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 14.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - By Country/Sub-region
- 14.1.1.
- 15. Middle East and Africa Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 15.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - By Country/Sub-region
- 15.1.1.
- 16. Competitive Analysis
- 16.1. Global Market Share Analysis 2024
- 16.2. Company Profiles
- 16.2.1 Honeywell International Inc
- 16.2.1.1. Overview
- 16.2.1.2. Products
- 16.2.1.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.1.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.1.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.2 ABB Ltd
- 16.2.2.1. Overview
- 16.2.2.2. Products
- 16.2.2.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.2.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.2.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.3 Quorum Business Solutions Inc
- 16.2.3.1. Overview
- 16.2.3.2. Products
- 16.2.3.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.3.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.3.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.4 Schneider Electric SE
- 16.2.4.1. Overview
- 16.2.4.2. Products
- 16.2.4.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.4.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.4.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.5 OMNI Flow Computers Inc
- 16.2.5.1. Overview
- 16.2.5.2. Products
- 16.2.5.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.5.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.5.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.6 Yokogawa Electric Corporation
- 16.2.6.1. Overview
- 16.2.6.2. Products
- 16.2.6.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.6.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.6.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.7 Bedrock Automation Platforms Inc (Maxim Integrated Products Inc )
- 16.2.7.1. Overview
- 16.2.7.2. Products
- 16.2.7.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.7.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.7.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.8 Flowmetrics Inc *List Not Exhaustive
- 16.2.8.1. Overview
- 16.2.8.2. Products
- 16.2.8.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.8.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.8.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.9 Dynamic Flow Computers Inc
- 16.2.9.1. Overview
- 16.2.9.2. Products
- 16.2.9.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.9.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.9.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.10 Emerson Electric Company
- 16.2.10.1. Overview
- 16.2.10.2. Products
- 16.2.10.3. SWOT Analysis
- 16.2.10.4. Recent Developments
- 16.2.10.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 16.2.1 Honeywell International Inc
List of Figures
- Figure 1: Global Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Breakdown (Million, %) by Region 2024 & 2032
- Figure 2: North America Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 3: North America Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 4: Europe Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 5: Europe Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 6: Asia Pacific Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 7: Asia Pacific Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 8: Latin America Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 9: Latin America Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 10: Middle East and Africa Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 11: Middle East and Africa Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 12: North America Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue (Million), by Offering 2024 & 2032
- Figure 13: North America Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Share (%), by Offering 2024 & 2032
- Figure 14: North America Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 15: North America Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 16: Europe Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue (Million), by Offering 2024 & 2032
- Figure 17: Europe Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Share (%), by Offering 2024 & 2032
- Figure 18: Europe Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 19: Europe Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 20: Asia Pacific Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue (Million), by Offering 2024 & 2032
- Figure 21: Asia Pacific Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Share (%), by Offering 2024 & 2032
- Figure 22: Asia Pacific Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 23: Asia Pacific Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 24: Latin America Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue (Million), by Offering 2024 & 2032
- Figure 25: Latin America Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Share (%), by Offering 2024 & 2032
- Figure 26: Latin America Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 27: Latin America Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 28: Middle East and Africa Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue (Million), by Offering 2024 & 2032
- Figure 29: Middle East and Africa Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Share (%), by Offering 2024 & 2032
- Figure 30: Middle East and Africa Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 31: Middle East and Africa Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
List of Tables
- Table 1: Global Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 2: Global Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Offering 2019 & 2032
- Table 3: Global Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 4: Global Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 5: Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 6: Global Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 7: Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 8: Global Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 9: Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 10: Global Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 11: Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 12: Global Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 13: Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 14: Global Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Offering 2019 & 2032
- Table 15: Global Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 16: Global Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Offering 2019 & 2032
- Table 17: Global Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 18: Global Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Offering 2019 & 2032
- Table 19: Global Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 20: Global Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Offering 2019 & 2032
- Table 21: Global Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 22: Global Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Offering 2019 & 2032
- Table 23: Global Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is the projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of the Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry?
The projected CAGR is approximately 6.53%.
2. Which companies are prominent players in the Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry?
Key companies in the market include Honeywell International Inc, ABB Ltd, Quorum Business Solutions Inc, Schneider Electric SE, OMNI Flow Computers Inc, Yokogawa Electric Corporation, Bedrock Automation Platforms Inc (Maxim Integrated Products Inc ), Flowmetrics Inc *List Not Exhaustive, Dynamic Flow Computers Inc, Emerson Electric Company.
3. What are the main segments of the Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry?
The market segments include Offering.
4. Can you provide details about the market size?
The market size is estimated to be USD 678.41 Million as of 2022.
5. What are some drivers contributing to market growth?
; Growing Need for Reliable Flow and High-tech Computing Systems; Continually Evolving Data Computational Capacity of Flow Computers.
6. What are the notable trends driving market growth?
Evolving Data Computational Capacity of Flow Computers.
7. Are there any restraints impacting market growth?
; Cyber-Security Threats Deterring Deployment of Advanced Flow Computer Systems; Dynamic Changes in Oil & Gas Prices leading to Reduced Investment in Infrastructure.
8. Can you provide examples of recent developments in the market?
N/A
9. What pricing options are available for accessing the report?
Pricing options include single-user, multi-user, and enterprise licenses priced at USD 4750, USD 5250, and USD 8750 respectively.
10. Is the market size provided in terms of value or volume?
The market size is provided in terms of value, measured in Million.
11. Are there any specific market keywords associated with the report?
Yes, the market keyword associated with the report is "Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry," which aids in identifying and referencing the specific market segment covered.
12. How do I determine which pricing option suits my needs best?
The pricing options vary based on user requirements and access needs. Individual users may opt for single-user licenses, while businesses requiring broader access may choose multi-user or enterprise licenses for cost-effective access to the report.
13. Are there any additional resources or data provided in the Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry report?
While the report offers comprehensive insights, it's advisable to review the specific contents or supplementary materials provided to ascertain if additional resources or data are available.
14. How can I stay updated on further developments or reports in the Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry?
To stay informed about further developments, trends, and reports in the Flow Computer Oil Gas Industry, consider subscribing to industry newsletters, following relevant companies and organizations, or regularly checking reputable industry news sources and publications.
Methodology
Step 1 - Identification of Relevant Samples Size from Population Database



Step 2 - Approaches for Defining Global Market Size (Value, Volume* & Price*)

Note*: In applicable scenarios
Step 3 - Data Sources
Primary Research
- Web Analytics
- Survey Reports
- Research Institute
- Latest Research Reports
- Opinion Leaders
Secondary Research
- Annual Reports
- White Paper
- Latest Press Release
- Industry Association
- Paid Database
- Investor Presentations

Step 4 - Data Triangulation
Involves using different sources of information in order to increase the validity of a study
These sources are likely to be stakeholders in a program - participants, other researchers, program staff, other community members, and so on.
Then we put all data in single framework & apply various statistical tools to find out the dynamic on the market.
During the analysis stage, feedback from the stakeholder groups would be compared to determine areas of agreement as well as areas of divergence