Key Insights
The African Satellite Imagery Services market is experiencing robust growth, projected to reach a substantial size over the next decade. A Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 9.73% from 2019 to 2024 suggests a strong upward trajectory, fueled by increasing government investments in infrastructure development, a rising need for precise agricultural monitoring and resource management, and the expanding adoption of satellite imagery in various sectors. The market is segmented by type (Imagery and Video Analytics), deployment mode (On-premise and Cloud), organization size (SMEs and Large Enterprises), and vertical applications spanning Insurance, Agriculture, Defense & Security, Environmental Monitoring, Engineering & Construction, and Government. Key players like GeoTerraImage, Airbus, and various national space agencies across the continent (Kenya Space Agency, Ethiopian Space Science and Technology Institute, SANSA, NASRDA) are driving innovation and market penetration. The growth is particularly pronounced in regions like South Africa, Kenya, and Tanzania, reflecting their advanced technological infrastructure and supportive government policies. However, challenges such as limited internet access in certain areas, high initial investment costs for technology, and the need for skilled professionals remain potential restraints. Despite these, the market's positive growth forecast suggests significant opportunities for both established players and new entrants looking to capitalize on the rising demand for sophisticated geospatial solutions across Africa.
The market's future growth will be shaped by several factors, including advancements in satellite technology, the increasing availability of affordable high-resolution imagery, and the growing awareness of the benefits of satellite imagery in diverse applications. Government initiatives promoting technological development and digital transformation in Africa are further accelerating market expansion. The cloud-based deployment mode is expected to gain significant traction, driven by its scalability, cost-effectiveness, and accessibility. The agriculture sector will remain a major driver, as satellite imagery provides crucial insights for precision farming, crop monitoring, and resource optimization. Furthermore, the growing focus on environmental monitoring and sustainable development is creating a robust demand for satellite imagery services, aiding efforts in conservation and disaster management. Therefore, the African Satellite Imagery Services market presents a compelling investment opportunity, poised for significant expansion in the coming years.

Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market: A Comprehensive Report (2019-2033)
This comprehensive report provides an in-depth analysis of the burgeoning Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market, encompassing market dynamics, growth trends, regional dominance, key players, and future outlook. The study period covers 2019-2033, with 2025 as the base and estimated year. This report is essential for industry professionals, investors, and policymakers seeking to understand and capitalize on the opportunities within this rapidly evolving sector. The market size is expected to reach xx Million by 2033.
Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Market Dynamics & Structure
The African satellite imagery services market is characterized by a moderately concentrated landscape, with both international giants and regional players vying for market share. Technological innovation, particularly in AI-driven analytics and higher-resolution imagery, is a key driver. Regulatory frameworks, varying across African nations, influence market access and data usage. The market faces competition from alternative data sources, such as aerial photography and drone imagery, although satellite imagery maintains advantages in coverage and scale. End-user demographics are diverse, spanning government agencies, agricultural businesses, insurance companies, and the defense sector. M&A activity in the sector has been moderate, primarily focused on strategic partnerships and technology acquisitions.
- Market Concentration: Moderately concentrated, with a few major players holding significant shares. The exact market share percentages for each company are unavailable at this time.
- Technological Innovation: AI-driven analytics, improved sensor technology, and higher resolution imagery are driving growth.
- Regulatory Frameworks: Vary across African nations, impacting market entry and data usage.
- Competitive Substitutes: Aerial photography and drone imagery pose some competition.
- End-User Demographics: Government, agriculture, insurance, defense, and environmental monitoring are key sectors.
- M&A Trends: Moderate activity, with a focus on partnerships and technology acquisitions. The number of M&A deals between 2019-2024 was xx.
Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Growth Trends & Insights
The Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market exhibits robust growth, driven by increasing demand for geospatial data across various sectors. The market is witnessing high adoption rates, particularly in agriculture, infrastructure development, and environmental management. Technological advancements, such as improved satellite sensor technology and the rise of cloud-based analytics platforms, are significantly impacting market growth. Consumer behavior is shifting towards data-driven decision-making, creating opportunities for satellite imagery providers. Market penetration remains relatively low, indicating significant untapped potential. The CAGR for the forecast period (2025-2033) is estimated to be xx%. Specific market size figures for past years are being withheld for confidentiality, but the forecast shows significant and sustained growth. Further analysis of technological disruptions and consumer behavior shifts reveals significant untapped potential in various sectors across the continent.

Dominant Regions, Countries, or Segments in Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market
While data on exact market share for each region and segment is limited, South Africa and Kenya are currently considered leading countries in the market. The Imagery Analytics segment shows strong growth driven by the increasing need for data-driven insights across sectors. The Cloud deployment mode is gaining traction due to its scalability and cost-effectiveness. Large enterprises are major consumers of these services, though SMEs are showing increased interest. The Agriculture and Defense & Security verticals demonstrate the highest growth potential.
- Leading Regions: South Africa and Kenya show significant market share and growth potential.
- Leading Segments: Imagery Analytics holds the largest market share; Cloud deployment is rapidly gaining ground. Large Enterprises remain the dominant consumers.
- Key Drivers: Government initiatives promoting technological advancement, increasing infrastructure development, expanding agricultural technologies, and growing security concerns.
Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Product Landscape
The market offers a range of satellite imagery products and services, including high-resolution optical and SAR imagery, alongside advanced analytics capabilities. Products are differentiated by resolution, coverage area, and processing capabilities. The integration of AI and machine learning enhances the value proposition, delivering actionable insights from raw data. Unique selling propositions include the speed and efficiency of data acquisition and processing, providing significant advantages over traditional methods.
Key Drivers, Barriers & Challenges in Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market
Key Drivers: Increasing government investment in infrastructure, expanding agricultural technology adoption, growing security concerns, and a rising need for environmental monitoring are driving market expansion. Technological advancements in satellite sensor technology and analytics are fueling innovation.
Key Challenges: High initial investment costs, limited internet access in many parts of Africa, data security concerns, and the need for skilled personnel to analyze satellite data are significant barriers. Regulatory uncertainties and inconsistent data policies across the continent also pose a challenge. The market also faces supply chain issues which can impact timely acquisition of services and equipment.
Emerging Opportunities in Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market
Untapped potential exists in expanding access to satellite imagery services for SMEs, particularly in agriculture and resource management. Innovative applications in areas like precision agriculture, disaster response, and urban planning present significant growth opportunities. Government initiatives promoting digital transformation will further unlock market potential.
Growth Accelerators in the Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Industry
Technological advancements, particularly in AI-driven analytics and higher-resolution imagery, are key growth accelerators. Strategic partnerships between international satellite operators and local companies will enhance market penetration. Government initiatives promoting the use of geospatial data for sustainable development further stimulate growth.
Key Players Shaping the Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Market
- GeoTerraImage
- Airbus
- Kenya Space Agency (KSA)
- Thales
- Ethiopian Space Science and Technology Institute (ESSTI)
- Astrofica
- NASRDA (National Space Research and Development Agency)
- GeoApps Plus
- SANSA (South African National Space Agency)
Notable Milestones in Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Sector
- September 2023: European Space Imaging (EUSI) partners with Umbra, providing access to high-resolution optical and SAR imagery across Europe and North Africa. This partnership significantly expands the availability of high-quality data in the region, boosting market competition and technological capabilities.
In-Depth Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Market Outlook
The Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market is poised for significant growth, driven by continuous technological advancements, increasing government support, and expanding private sector investment. Strategic partnerships and innovative applications will further unlock market potential, creating new opportunities for players in the geospatial data sector. The market's future hinges on overcoming infrastructure limitations and fostering a favorable regulatory environment. The long-term outlook remains extremely positive, with significant untapped potential across various sectors and countries on the continent.
Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Segmentation
-
1. Type
- 1.1. Imagery Analytics
- 1.2. Video Analytics
-
2. Deployment Mode
- 2.1. On Premise
- 2.2. Cloud
-
3. Organization Size
- 3.1. SMEs
- 3.2. Large Enterprises
-
4. Vericals
- 4.1. Insurance
- 4.2. Agriculture
- 4.3. Defense and Security
- 4.4. Environmental Monitoring
- 4.5. Engineeting & Construction
- 4.6. Government
- 4.7. Others
Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Segmentation By Geography
-
1. Africa
- 1.1. Nigeria
- 1.2. South Africa
- 1.3. Egypt
- 1.4. Kenya
- 1.5. Ethiopia
- 1.6. Morocco
- 1.7. Ghana
- 1.8. Algeria
- 1.9. Tanzania
- 1.10. Ivory Coast

Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market REPORT HIGHLIGHTS
Aspects | Details |
---|---|
Study Period | 2019-2033 |
Base Year | 2024 |
Estimated Year | 2025 |
Forecast Period | 2025-2033 |
Historical Period | 2019-2024 |
Growth Rate | CAGR of 9.73% from 2019-2033 |
Segmentation |
|
Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1. Research Scope
- 1.2. Market Segmentation
- 1.3. Research Methodology
- 1.4. Definitions and Assumptions
- 2. Executive Summary
- 2.1. Introduction
- 3. Market Dynamics
- 3.1. Introduction
- 3.2. Market Drivers
- 3.2.1. Strategic Government Initiatives and Substantial Investments to Drive the Market Growth; Adoption of Big Data and Imagery Analytics
- 3.3. Market Restrains
- 3.3.1. Accessibility and Affordability might restrain the Market Growth; High-resolution Images Offered by Other Imaging Technologie
- 3.4. Market Trends
- 3.4.1. Natural Resource Management to Hold a Significant Market Share
- 4. Market Factor Analysis
- 4.1. Porters Five Forces
- 4.2. Supply/Value Chain
- 4.3. PESTEL analysis
- 4.4. Market Entropy
- 4.5. Patent/Trademark Analysis
- 5. Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 5.1.1. Imagery Analytics
- 5.1.2. Video Analytics
- 5.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Deployment Mode
- 5.2.1. On Premise
- 5.2.2. Cloud
- 5.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Organization Size
- 5.3.1. SMEs
- 5.3.2. Large Enterprises
- 5.4. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Vericals
- 5.4.1. Insurance
- 5.4.2. Agriculture
- 5.4.3. Defense and Security
- 5.4.4. Environmental Monitoring
- 5.4.5. Engineeting & Construction
- 5.4.6. Government
- 5.4.7. Others
- 5.5. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Region
- 5.5.1. Africa
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 6. South Africa Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 7. Sudan Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 8. Uganda Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 9. Tanzania Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 10. Kenya Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 11. Rest of Africa Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 12. Competitive Analysis
- 12.1. Market Share Analysis 2024
- 12.2. Company Profiles
- 12.2.1 GeoTerraImage
- 12.2.1.1. Overview
- 12.2.1.2. Products
- 12.2.1.3. SWOT Analysis
- 12.2.1.4. Recent Developments
- 12.2.1.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 12.2.2 Airbus
- 12.2.2.1. Overview
- 12.2.2.2. Products
- 12.2.2.3. SWOT Analysis
- 12.2.2.4. Recent Developments
- 12.2.2.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 12.2.3 Kenya Space Agency(KSA)
- 12.2.3.1. Overview
- 12.2.3.2. Products
- 12.2.3.3. SWOT Analysis
- 12.2.3.4. Recent Developments
- 12.2.3.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 12.2.4 Thales
- 12.2.4.1. Overview
- 12.2.4.2. Products
- 12.2.4.3. SWOT Analysis
- 12.2.4.4. Recent Developments
- 12.2.4.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 12.2.5 Ethiopian Space Science and Technology Institute (ESSTI)
- 12.2.5.1. Overview
- 12.2.5.2. Products
- 12.2.5.3. SWOT Analysis
- 12.2.5.4. Recent Developments
- 12.2.5.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 12.2.6 Astrofica
- 12.2.6.1. Overview
- 12.2.6.2. Products
- 12.2.6.3. SWOT Analysis
- 12.2.6.4. Recent Developments
- 12.2.6.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 12.2.7 NASRDA (National Space Research and Development Agency)
- 12.2.7.1. Overview
- 12.2.7.2. Products
- 12.2.7.3. SWOT Analysis
- 12.2.7.4. Recent Developments
- 12.2.7.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 12.2.8 GeoApps Plus
- 12.2.8.1. Overview
- 12.2.8.2. Products
- 12.2.8.3. SWOT Analysis
- 12.2.8.4. Recent Developments
- 12.2.8.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 12.2.9 SANSA (South African National Space Agency)
- 12.2.9.1. Overview
- 12.2.9.2. Products
- 12.2.9.3. SWOT Analysis
- 12.2.9.4. Recent Developments
- 12.2.9.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 12.2.1 GeoTerraImage
List of Figures
- Figure 1: Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Revenue Breakdown (Million, %) by Product 2024 & 2032
- Figure 2: Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Share (%) by Company 2024
List of Tables
- Table 1: Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 2: Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 3: Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 4: Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 5: Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Deployment Mode 2019 & 2032
- Table 6: Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Deployment Mode 2019 & 2032
- Table 7: Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Organization Size 2019 & 2032
- Table 8: Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Organization Size 2019 & 2032
- Table 9: Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Vericals 2019 & 2032
- Table 10: Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Vericals 2019 & 2032
- Table 11: Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 12: Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 13: Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 14: Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 15: South Africa Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 16: South Africa Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 17: Sudan Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 18: Sudan Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 19: Uganda Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 20: Uganda Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 21: Tanzania Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 22: Tanzania Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 23: Kenya Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 24: Kenya Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 25: Rest of Africa Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 26: Rest of Africa Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 27: Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 28: Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Type 2019 & 2032
- Table 29: Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Deployment Mode 2019 & 2032
- Table 30: Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Deployment Mode 2019 & 2032
- Table 31: Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Organization Size 2019 & 2032
- Table 32: Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Organization Size 2019 & 2032
- Table 33: Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Vericals 2019 & 2032
- Table 34: Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Vericals 2019 & 2032
- Table 35: Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 36: Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Volume K Unit Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 37: Nigeria Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 38: Nigeria Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 39: South Africa Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 40: South Africa Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 41: Egypt Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 42: Egypt Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 43: Kenya Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 44: Kenya Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 45: Ethiopia Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 46: Ethiopia Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 47: Morocco Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 48: Morocco Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 49: Ghana Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 50: Ghana Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 51: Algeria Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 52: Algeria Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 53: Tanzania Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 54: Tanzania Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 55: Ivory Coast Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 56: Ivory Coast Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market Volume (K Unit) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is the projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of the Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market?
The projected CAGR is approximately 9.73%.
2. Which companies are prominent players in the Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market?
Key companies in the market include GeoTerraImage, Airbus, Kenya Space Agency(KSA), Thales, Ethiopian Space Science and Technology Institute (ESSTI), Astrofica, NASRDA (National Space Research and Development Agency), GeoApps Plus, SANSA (South African National Space Agency).
3. What are the main segments of the Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market?
The market segments include Type, Deployment Mode, Organization Size, Vericals.
4. Can you provide details about the market size?
The market size is estimated to be USD XX Million as of 2022.
5. What are some drivers contributing to market growth?
Strategic Government Initiatives and Substantial Investments to Drive the Market Growth; Adoption of Big Data and Imagery Analytics.
6. What are the notable trends driving market growth?
Natural Resource Management to Hold a Significant Market Share.
7. Are there any restraints impacting market growth?
Accessibility and Affordability might restrain the Market Growth; High-resolution Images Offered by Other Imaging Technologie.
8. Can you provide examples of recent developments in the market?
September 2023: European Space Imaging (EUSI), a leading provider of Very High-Resolution (VHR) optical satellite imagery, is excited to announce its strategic partnership with Umbra. This collaboration enables EUSI's customers to effortlessly procure Umbra's top-tier Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data directly through EUSI's platform. This partnership is a game-changer for remote sensing data users across Europe and North Africa, as it grants them access to the world's most exceptional space-based optical and SAR imagery, all from a single, local source. These images boast impressive resolutions of 30 and 25 centimeters, respectively.
9. What pricing options are available for accessing the report?
Pricing options include single-user, multi-user, and enterprise licenses priced at USD 3800, USD 4500, and USD 5800 respectively.
10. Is the market size provided in terms of value or volume?
The market size is provided in terms of value, measured in Million and volume, measured in K Unit.
11. Are there any specific market keywords associated with the report?
Yes, the market keyword associated with the report is "Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market," which aids in identifying and referencing the specific market segment covered.
12. How do I determine which pricing option suits my needs best?
The pricing options vary based on user requirements and access needs. Individual users may opt for single-user licenses, while businesses requiring broader access may choose multi-user or enterprise licenses for cost-effective access to the report.
13. Are there any additional resources or data provided in the Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market report?
While the report offers comprehensive insights, it's advisable to review the specific contents or supplementary materials provided to ascertain if additional resources or data are available.
14. How can I stay updated on further developments or reports in the Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market?
To stay informed about further developments, trends, and reports in the Africa Satellite Imagery Services Market, consider subscribing to industry newsletters, following relevant companies and organizations, or regularly checking reputable industry news sources and publications.
Methodology
Step 1 - Identification of Relevant Samples Size from Population Database



Step 2 - Approaches for Defining Global Market Size (Value, Volume* & Price*)

Note*: In applicable scenarios
Step 3 - Data Sources
Primary Research
- Web Analytics
- Survey Reports
- Research Institute
- Latest Research Reports
- Opinion Leaders
Secondary Research
- Annual Reports
- White Paper
- Latest Press Release
- Industry Association
- Paid Database
- Investor Presentations

Step 4 - Data Triangulation
Involves using different sources of information in order to increase the validity of a study
These sources are likely to be stakeholders in a program - participants, other researchers, program staff, other community members, and so on.
Then we put all data in single framework & apply various statistical tools to find out the dynamic on the market.
During the analysis stage, feedback from the stakeholder groups would be compared to determine areas of agreement as well as areas of divergence