Key Insights
The Uzbekistani oil and gas sector, currently valued at approximately $5 billion in 2025, exhibits robust growth potential, projected to exceed a 4% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) through 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key drivers. Firstly, Uzbekistan's significant untapped hydrocarbon reserves, particularly natural gas, present considerable opportunities for exploration and production. Secondly, the government's commitment to attracting foreign investment and modernizing its energy infrastructure is creating a favorable investment climate. This includes initiatives to streamline regulations, improve transparency, and enhance energy efficiency. Thirdly, increasing domestic energy demand, driven by economic growth and population expansion, necessitates further development of the oil and gas sector to meet these rising needs. While challenges remain, such as the need for substantial infrastructure upgrades and potential geopolitical uncertainties, the overall outlook is positive.
The sector's segmentation reveals a dynamic interplay between upstream (exploration and production), midstream (processing and transportation), and downstream (refining and distribution) activities. Upstream activities are crucial given Uzbekistan’s resource potential, while midstream and downstream require significant investment to optimize efficiency and meet growing demand. Key players like JSC Uzbekneftegaz, alongside international corporations like Lukoil and TotalEnergies, are actively engaged in the sector, contributing to its development. However, successful long-term growth will hinge on effective collaboration between the government, private investors, and international partners to address existing constraints, optimize resource management, and ensure sustainable development. Technological advancements, particularly in enhanced oil recovery techniques and gas processing, will further play a significant role in maximizing the value of Uzbekistan's hydrocarbon resources.
Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan: A Comprehensive Market Report (2019-2033)
This in-depth report provides a comprehensive analysis of Uzbekistan's oil and gas industry, covering market dynamics, growth trends, key players, and future outlook. It leverages extensive data and expert insights to offer a crucial resource for industry professionals, investors, and policymakers seeking to understand and capitalize on opportunities within this dynamic sector. The study period spans from 2019 to 2033, with a base year of 2025 and a forecast period of 2025-2033. The historical period covered is 2019-2024. Market values are presented in million units.

Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Market Dynamics & Structure
This section analyzes the competitive landscape, technological advancements, regulatory environment, and market trends within Uzbekistan's oil and gas sector. The market is characterized by a mix of state-owned enterprises and international players, creating a complex interplay of interests.
- Market Concentration: JSC Uzbekneftegaz holds a dominant position in the upstream sector, while international players like Lukoil and CNPC hold significant stakes. Market share distribution (2024): JSC Uzbekneftegaz (xx%), Lukoil (xx%), CNPC (xx%), Others (xx%).
- Technological Innovation: Adoption of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques and digitalization initiatives are key innovation drivers. However, barriers include legacy infrastructure and limited access to advanced technologies.
- Regulatory Framework: Government policies focused on attracting foreign investment and developing domestic capabilities shape the industry. Recent regulatory changes impacting the downstream sector include xx.
- Competitive Product Substitutes: Renewable energy sources represent a growing competitive pressure, particularly for the power generation segment of the downstream sector.
- End-User Demographics: Domestic consumption and exports to neighboring countries are the primary end-user segments.
- M&A Trends: The number of M&A deals in the oil and gas sector in Uzbekistan from 2019 to 2024 totaled xx, with an average deal value of xx million.
Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Growth Trends & Insights
Uzbekistan's oil and gas industry experienced fluctuating growth over the historical period (2019-2024), influenced by global price volatility and domestic policy shifts. The market size (in million units) expanded from xx million in 2019 to xx million in 2024, registering a CAGR of xx%. Technological disruptions, such as the increasing adoption of digital oilfields and smart grids are contributing to efficiency gains. However, consumer behavior has remained largely stable, with continued reliance on hydrocarbons for energy needs. Projected growth in the forecast period (2025-2033) points towards a market size of xx million in 2033, driven by infrastructure development and foreign investment. Market penetration of EOR techniques is projected to increase from xx% in 2024 to xx% by 2033.

Dominant Regions, Countries, or Segments in Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan
The upstream sector (exploration and production) is currently the most dominant segment, driven by Uzbekistan’s significant hydrocarbon reserves. The Fergana Valley region remains the most productive area for oil and gas extraction.
- Key Drivers (Upstream): Significant natural gas reserves, government initiatives to attract foreign investment, and ongoing exploration activities.
- Dominance Factors: JSC Uzbekneftegaz's control over key assets and ongoing efforts by international oil companies to expand their operations within the country.
- Growth Potential (Upstream): Further exploration and development of new reserves are expected to drive future growth, with potential for xx% annual growth in production by 2033.
- Downstream: The downstream segment (refining and distribution) is facing increasing pressures to enhance efficiency and modernize infrastructure.
- Midstream: The midstream sector is focused on pipeline infrastructure development, supporting the expansion of export capacity.
Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Product Landscape
Product innovation in the Uzbek oil and gas sector is focused on improving efficiency and reducing environmental impact. This includes the adoption of advanced drilling techniques, enhanced oil recovery methods, and the upgrading of refining facilities to produce higher-value products. Key innovations include xx. Performance metrics focus on production efficiency, cost reduction, and environmental sustainability.
Key Drivers, Barriers & Challenges in Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan
Key Drivers: Abundant hydrocarbon reserves, government support for energy sector development, and growing regional demand for energy resources are key drivers of growth. Investment from major international players like CNPC and Lukoil also provides significant momentum.
Key Challenges: Limited access to advanced technology, aging infrastructure, and the need to improve regulatory clarity present significant challenges. Supply chain disruptions caused by geopolitical instability can also impact project timelines and costs. Furthermore, competition from renewable energy sources is increasing and poses a long-term challenge to the growth of the industry.
Emerging Opportunities in Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan
Emerging opportunities include the expansion of gas processing facilities to produce higher-value petrochemicals, improvements to logistics infrastructure (as evidenced by the Sanoat Energetika Guruhi-AD Ports agreement), and exploration of untapped reserves in less explored regions. Further, the development of renewable energy alongside hydrocarbons offers a pathway to a more sustainable energy future.
Growth Accelerators in the Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Industry
Technological advancements, strategic partnerships between international and domestic companies, and government initiatives to streamline the regulatory environment are key factors driving long-term growth. The development of new pipeline infrastructure and enhanced export capacity will also play a crucial role.
Key Players Shaping the Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Market
- China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC)
- JSC Uzbekneftegaz
- NK Lukoil PAO
- TotalEnergies SE
- Gazprom PAO
Notable Milestones in Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Sector
- December 2022: Temporary halt of natural gas exports to China by Uzbekneftegaz and Lukoil due to domestic energy shortages. This highlighted the vulnerability of Uzbekistan's energy system and the reliance on exports.
- July 2022: Sanoat Energetika Guruhi's joint agreement with AD Ports group signifies a strategic move to enhance export capabilities and access global markets for refined products.
In-Depth Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Market Outlook
The Uzbek oil and gas industry presents significant long-term growth potential, driven by continued investment in exploration and production, infrastructure development, and strategic partnerships. The focus on optimizing energy efficiency, enhancing exports, and diversifying the product portfolio will shape future market dynamics. Opportunities exist for companies to leverage technological advancements to improve operational efficiency and environmental performance, contributing to sustainable growth in this crucial sector.
Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Segmentation
-
1. Sector
- 1.1. Upstream
- 1.2. Midstream
- 1.3. Downstream
Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Segmentation By Geography
-
1. North America
- 1.1. United States
- 1.2. Canada
- 1.3. Mexico
-
2. South America
- 2.1. Brazil
- 2.2. Argentina
- 2.3. Rest of South America
-
3. Europe
- 3.1. United Kingdom
- 3.2. Germany
- 3.3. France
- 3.4. Italy
- 3.5. Spain
- 3.6. Russia
- 3.7. Benelux
- 3.8. Nordics
- 3.9. Rest of Europe
-
4. Middle East & Africa
- 4.1. Turkey
- 4.2. Israel
- 4.3. GCC
- 4.4. North Africa
- 4.5. South Africa
- 4.6. Rest of Middle East & Africa
-
5. Asia Pacific
- 5.1. China
- 5.2. India
- 5.3. Japan
- 5.4. South Korea
- 5.5. ASEAN
- 5.6. Oceania
- 5.7. Rest of Asia Pacific

Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan REPORT HIGHLIGHTS
Aspects | Details |
---|---|
Study Period | 2019-2033 |
Base Year | 2024 |
Estimated Year | 2025 |
Forecast Period | 2025-2033 |
Historical Period | 2019-2024 |
Growth Rate | CAGR of > 4.00% from 2019-2033 |
Segmentation |
|
Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1. Research Scope
- 1.2. Market Segmentation
- 1.3. Research Methodology
- 1.4. Definitions and Assumptions
- 2. Executive Summary
- 2.1. Introduction
- 3. Market Dynamics
- 3.1. Introduction
- 3.2. Market Drivers
- 3.2.1. 4.; Growing Vehicle Ownership4.; Government Initiatives
- 3.3. Market Restrains
- 3.3.1. 4.; Volatile Crude Oil Prices
- 3.4. Market Trends
- 3.4.1. Upstream Sector is Likely to Dominate the Market
- 4. Market Factor Analysis
- 4.1. Porters Five Forces
- 4.2. Supply/Value Chain
- 4.3. PESTEL analysis
- 4.4. Market Entropy
- 4.5. Patent/Trademark Analysis
- 5. Global Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Sector
- 5.1.1. Upstream
- 5.1.2. Midstream
- 5.1.3. Downstream
- 5.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Region
- 5.2.1. North America
- 5.2.2. South America
- 5.2.3. Europe
- 5.2.4. Middle East & Africa
- 5.2.5. Asia Pacific
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Sector
- 6. North America Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 6.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Sector
- 6.1.1. Upstream
- 6.1.2. Midstream
- 6.1.3. Downstream
- 6.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Sector
- 7. South America Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 7.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Sector
- 7.1.1. Upstream
- 7.1.2. Midstream
- 7.1.3. Downstream
- 7.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Sector
- 8. Europe Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 8.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Sector
- 8.1.1. Upstream
- 8.1.2. Midstream
- 8.1.3. Downstream
- 8.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Sector
- 9. Middle East & Africa Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 9.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Sector
- 9.1.1. Upstream
- 9.1.2. Midstream
- 9.1.3. Downstream
- 9.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Sector
- 10. Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 10.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Sector
- 10.1.1. Upstream
- 10.1.2. Midstream
- 10.1.3. Downstream
- 10.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Sector
- 11. Competitive Analysis
- 11.1. Global Market Share Analysis 2024
- 11.2. Company Profiles
- 11.2.1 China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC)
- 11.2.1.1. Overview
- 11.2.1.2. Products
- 11.2.1.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.1.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.1.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.2 JSC Uzbekneftegaz
- 11.2.2.1. Overview
- 11.2.2.2. Products
- 11.2.2.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.2.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.2.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.3 NK Lukoil PAO
- 11.2.3.1. Overview
- 11.2.3.2. Products
- 11.2.3.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.3.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.3.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.4 TotalEnergies SE
- 11.2.4.1. Overview
- 11.2.4.2. Products
- 11.2.4.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.4.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.4.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.5 Gazprom PAO
- 11.2.5.1. Overview
- 11.2.5.2. Products
- 11.2.5.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.5.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.5.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.1 China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC)
List of Figures
- Figure 1: Global Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue Breakdown (Million, %) by Region 2024 & 2032
- Figure 2: Uzbekistan Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 3: Uzbekistan Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 4: North America Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue (Million), by Sector 2024 & 2032
- Figure 5: North America Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue Share (%), by Sector 2024 & 2032
- Figure 6: North America Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 7: North America Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 8: South America Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue (Million), by Sector 2024 & 2032
- Figure 9: South America Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue Share (%), by Sector 2024 & 2032
- Figure 10: South America Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 11: South America Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 12: Europe Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue (Million), by Sector 2024 & 2032
- Figure 13: Europe Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue Share (%), by Sector 2024 & 2032
- Figure 14: Europe Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 15: Europe Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 16: Middle East & Africa Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue (Million), by Sector 2024 & 2032
- Figure 17: Middle East & Africa Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue Share (%), by Sector 2024 & 2032
- Figure 18: Middle East & Africa Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 19: Middle East & Africa Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 20: Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue (Million), by Sector 2024 & 2032
- Figure 21: Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue Share (%), by Sector 2024 & 2032
- Figure 22: Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue (Million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 23: Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
List of Tables
- Table 1: Global Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 2: Global Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue Million Forecast, by Sector 2019 & 2032
- Table 3: Global Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue Million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 4: Global Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 5: Global Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue Million Forecast, by Sector 2019 & 2032
- Table 6: Global Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 7: United States Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 8: Canada Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 9: Mexico Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 10: Global Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue Million Forecast, by Sector 2019 & 2032
- Table 11: Global Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 12: Brazil Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 13: Argentina Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 14: Rest of South America Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 15: Global Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue Million Forecast, by Sector 2019 & 2032
- Table 16: Global Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 17: United Kingdom Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 18: Germany Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 19: France Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 20: Italy Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 21: Spain Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 22: Russia Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 23: Benelux Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 24: Nordics Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 25: Rest of Europe Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 26: Global Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue Million Forecast, by Sector 2019 & 2032
- Table 27: Global Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 28: Turkey Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 29: Israel Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 30: GCC Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 31: North Africa Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 32: South Africa Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 33: Rest of Middle East & Africa Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 34: Global Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue Million Forecast, by Sector 2019 & 2032
- Table 35: Global Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue Million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 36: China Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 37: India Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 38: Japan Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 39: South Korea Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 40: ASEAN Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 41: Oceania Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 42: Rest of Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan Revenue (Million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is the projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of the Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan?
The projected CAGR is approximately > 4.00%.
2. Which companies are prominent players in the Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan?
Key companies in the market include China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), JSC Uzbekneftegaz, NK Lukoil PAO, TotalEnergies SE, Gazprom PAO.
3. What are the main segments of the Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan?
The market segments include Sector.
4. Can you provide details about the market size?
The market size is estimated to be USD XX Million as of 2022.
5. What are some drivers contributing to market growth?
4.; Growing Vehicle Ownership4.; Government Initiatives.
6. What are the notable trends driving market growth?
Upstream Sector is Likely to Dominate the Market.
7. Are there any restraints impacting market growth?
4.; Volatile Crude Oil Prices.
8. Can you provide examples of recent developments in the market?
December 2022: Uzbekistan ordered state-run gas producer Uzbekneftegaz and Russia's Lukoil, the second-largest gas producer in the country, to temporarily halt natural gas exports to China as the country deals with a wave of blackouts and disruptions to local gas networks.
9. What pricing options are available for accessing the report?
Pricing options include single-user, multi-user, and enterprise licenses priced at USD 3800, USD 4500, and USD 5800 respectively.
10. Is the market size provided in terms of value or volume?
The market size is provided in terms of value, measured in Million.
11. Are there any specific market keywords associated with the report?
Yes, the market keyword associated with the report is "Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan," which aids in identifying and referencing the specific market segment covered.
12. How do I determine which pricing option suits my needs best?
The pricing options vary based on user requirements and access needs. Individual users may opt for single-user licenses, while businesses requiring broader access may choose multi-user or enterprise licenses for cost-effective access to the report.
13. Are there any additional resources or data provided in the Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan report?
While the report offers comprehensive insights, it's advisable to review the specific contents or supplementary materials provided to ascertain if additional resources or data are available.
14. How can I stay updated on further developments or reports in the Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan?
To stay informed about further developments, trends, and reports in the Oil and Gas Industry in Uzbekistan, consider subscribing to industry newsletters, following relevant companies and organizations, or regularly checking reputable industry news sources and publications.
Methodology
Step 1 - Identification of Relevant Samples Size from Population Database



Step 2 - Approaches for Defining Global Market Size (Value, Volume* & Price*)

Note*: In applicable scenarios
Step 3 - Data Sources
Primary Research
- Web Analytics
- Survey Reports
- Research Institute
- Latest Research Reports
- Opinion Leaders
Secondary Research
- Annual Reports
- White Paper
- Latest Press Release
- Industry Association
- Paid Database
- Investor Presentations

Step 4 - Data Triangulation
Involves using different sources of information in order to increase the validity of a study
These sources are likely to be stakeholders in a program - participants, other researchers, program staff, other community members, and so on.
Then we put all data in single framework & apply various statistical tools to find out the dynamic on the market.
During the analysis stage, feedback from the stakeholder groups would be compared to determine areas of agreement as well as areas of divergence