Key Insights
The global macadamia butter market, currently valued at $281 million (2025), is poised for substantial growth, exhibiting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.3% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is driven by several key factors. The rising popularity of plant-based diets and the increasing consumer awareness of the health benefits associated with macadamia nuts are significant contributors. Macadamia butter offers a rich source of monounsaturated fats, fiber, and essential vitamins and minerals, making it an attractive alternative to traditional butter and other nut butters. Furthermore, the growing demand for convenient and healthy snack options fuels the market's growth, with macadamia butter finding its place in various applications, from direct consumption to use as an ingredient in baked goods, confectionery, and other food products. The market also benefits from the increasing availability of macadamia butter through diverse retail channels, including supermarkets, specialty stores, and online platforms. Key players like MaraNatha, Futter's Nut Butters, and Artisana Organic Foods are actively driving innovation and expansion within the market.
Macadamia Butter Market Size (In Million)
The market segmentation, while not explicitly detailed, likely includes variations based on product type (e.g., roasted, unsalted, flavored), packaging size, and distribution channels. Geographic variations in consumption patterns will also contribute to market segmentation, with regions known for high nut consumption likely dominating. Growth may be somewhat restrained by the relatively higher price point of macadamia butter compared to other nut butters, and fluctuations in macadamia nut production due to climate and agricultural factors. However, the overall positive trends in health and wellness, coupled with innovative product offerings and increasing market penetration, are expected to continue driving robust growth throughout the forecast period. The projected market size in 2033, considering the 8.3% CAGR, is estimated to be significantly larger than the 2025 value, indicating a promising future for the industry.
Macadamia Butter Company Market Share
This comprehensive report provides an in-depth analysis of the global macadamia butter market, encompassing historical data (2019-2024), the base year (2025), and a forecast for 2025-2033. The report caters to industry professionals, investors, and strategic decision-makers seeking actionable insights into this rapidly evolving market. We analyze key market segments (e.g., organic, conventional, flavored), regional variations, and the competitive landscape, offering a granular understanding of market dynamics and future trends. The report is valuable for both parent markets (nut butter market) and child markets (health food, gourmet food). The total market size (in million units) will be detailed within the full report.
Macadamia Butter Market Dynamics & Structure
This section analyzes the structural elements of the global macadamia butter market, considering market concentration, innovation drivers, regulations, competitive substitutes, end-user demographics, and M&A activities. The report details market share distribution among key players and examines the impact of technological advancements and regulatory shifts. Quantitative data (e.g., market share percentages, M&A deal volumes) and qualitative assessments (e.g., innovation barriers) will illuminate the market landscape. The market concentration is expected to be moderately high, with a few major players holding significant market share.
- Market Concentration: xx% held by top 5 players in 2024.
- Technological Innovation: Focus on sustainable sourcing and production, improved flavor profiles, and extended shelf life.
- Regulatory Framework: Varying regulations across regions impacting labeling and ingredient sourcing.
- Competitive Substitutes: Almond butter, peanut butter, cashew butter, other nut and seed butters.
- End-User Demographics: Growing demand from health-conscious consumers and those seeking premium, gourmet products.
- M&A Trends: xx M&A deals recorded between 2019 and 2024; the forecast for 2025-2033 predicts xx deals.
Macadamia Butter Growth Trends & Insights
This section presents a detailed analysis of the macadamia butter market's growth trajectory. We'll examine market size evolution, adoption rates across different consumer segments, the impact of technological disruptions, and shifts in consumer preferences. Key metrics such as CAGR and market penetration rates will be provided for the study period (2019-2033). The analysis will leverage proprietary data and industry reports to offer accurate and comprehensive insights. The CAGR for the forecast period (2025-2033) is projected to be xx%.
Dominant Regions, Countries, or Segments in Macadamia Butter
This section pinpoints the leading regions, countries, and segments driving market growth, using a combination of qualitative analysis and quantitative data, including market share and growth potential. Key drivers, such as economic policies, infrastructure development, and consumer preferences, will be highlighted. The North American market is anticipated to hold the largest market share in 2025.
- North America: Strong consumer demand for healthy snacks, established distribution channels.
- Europe: Growing awareness of health benefits, increasing demand for premium food products.
- Asia-Pacific: Rapidly expanding middle class, increasing disposable income, and rising health consciousness.
- Other Regions: Growth opportunities in emerging markets with increasing consumer awareness.
Macadamia Butter Product Landscape
This section details product innovations, applications, and performance metrics within the macadamia butter market. We'll highlight unique selling propositions (USPs), focusing on factors such as taste profiles, texture, and health benefits. Technological advancements like improved processing techniques and packaging innovations will also be discussed.
Key Drivers, Barriers & Challenges in Macadamia Butter
This section identifies key drivers and challenges impacting market growth. Drivers include rising health consciousness, growing demand for premium food products, and increasing availability through various retail channels. Challenges include fluctuations in macadamia nut supply, price volatility, and competition from other nut butter alternatives.
Key Drivers:
- Rising health consciousness and increased demand for healthy snacks.
- Growing preference for premium and gourmet food products.
- Expanding distribution channels and increased availability in retail stores.
Key Challenges:
- Fluctuations in macadamia nut supply and price volatility.
- Intense competition from other nut and seed butters.
- Maintaining product quality and consistency.
Emerging Opportunities in Macadamia Butter
This section highlights promising opportunities for growth, including expansion into untapped markets, development of novel product variations (e.g., flavored macadamia butter), and catering to evolving consumer preferences (e.g., organic and sustainably sourced products).
Growth Accelerators in the Macadamia Butter Industry
This section analyzes factors that will propel long-term growth, such as technological advancements in macadamia nut processing and improved packaging, strategic partnerships and collaborations, and expansion into new geographic markets.
Key Players Shaping the Macadamia Butter Market
- MaraNatha
- Futter’s Nut Butters
- Wilderness Poets
- Big Spoon Roasters
- Woodstock Foods
- Yumbutter
- Carley’s of Cornwall Ltd
- Tiny Isle
- Torere Macadamias
- Artisana Organic Foods
Notable Milestones in Macadamia Butter Sector
- 2020: Increased focus on sustainability and ethical sourcing by major players.
- 2022: Launch of several new flavored macadamia butter varieties.
- 2023: Significant investment in improved processing technologies to enhance product quality and shelf life.
- 2024: Expansion of distribution channels into emerging markets.
In-Depth Macadamia Butter Market Outlook
This section summarizes the key growth accelerators and strategic opportunities within the macadamia butter market, offering a concise outlook for the forecast period (2025-2033). The market is expected to continue its upward trajectory, driven by sustained consumer demand and ongoing innovation.
Macadamia Butter Segmentation
-
1. Application
- 1.1. Food and Beverage
- 1.2. Cosmetics and Personal Care
- 1.3. Nutraceuticals
- 1.4. Others
-
2. Type
- 2.1. Raw
- 2.2. Roasted
Macadamia Butter Segmentation By Geography
-
1. North America
- 1.1. United States
- 1.2. Canada
- 1.3. Mexico
-
2. South America
- 2.1. Brazil
- 2.2. Argentina
- 2.3. Rest of South America
-
3. Europe
- 3.1. United Kingdom
- 3.2. Germany
- 3.3. France
- 3.4. Italy
- 3.5. Spain
- 3.6. Russia
- 3.7. Benelux
- 3.8. Nordics
- 3.9. Rest of Europe
-
4. Middle East & Africa
- 4.1. Turkey
- 4.2. Israel
- 4.3. GCC
- 4.4. North Africa
- 4.5. South Africa
- 4.6. Rest of Middle East & Africa
-
5. Asia Pacific
- 5.1. China
- 5.2. India
- 5.3. Japan
- 5.4. South Korea
- 5.5. ASEAN
- 5.6. Oceania
- 5.7. Rest of Asia Pacific
Macadamia Butter Regional Market Share
Geographic Coverage of Macadamia Butter
Macadamia Butter REPORT HIGHLIGHTS
| Aspects | Details |
|---|---|
| Study Period | 2020-2034 |
| Base Year | 2025 |
| Estimated Year | 2026 |
| Forecast Period | 2026-2034 |
| Historical Period | 2020-2025 |
| Growth Rate | CAGR of 8.3% from 2020-2034 |
| Segmentation |
|
Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1. Research Scope
- 1.2. Market Segmentation
- 1.3. Research Methodology
- 1.4. Definitions and Assumptions
- 2. Executive Summary
- 2.1. Introduction
- 3. Market Dynamics
- 3.1. Introduction
- 3.2. Market Drivers
- 3.3. Market Restrains
- 3.4. Market Trends
- 4. Market Factor Analysis
- 4.1. Porters Five Forces
- 4.2. Supply/Value Chain
- 4.3. PESTEL analysis
- 4.4. Market Entropy
- 4.5. Patent/Trademark Analysis
- 5. Global Macadamia Butter Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2020-2032
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application
- 5.1.1. Food and Beverage
- 5.1.2. Cosmetics and Personal Care
- 5.1.3. Nutraceuticals
- 5.1.4. Others
- 5.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 5.2.1. Raw
- 5.2.2. Roasted
- 5.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Region
- 5.3.1. North America
- 5.3.2. South America
- 5.3.3. Europe
- 5.3.4. Middle East & Africa
- 5.3.5. Asia Pacific
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application
- 6. North America Macadamia Butter Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2020-2032
- 6.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application
- 6.1.1. Food and Beverage
- 6.1.2. Cosmetics and Personal Care
- 6.1.3. Nutraceuticals
- 6.1.4. Others
- 6.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 6.2.1. Raw
- 6.2.2. Roasted
- 6.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application
- 7. South America Macadamia Butter Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2020-2032
- 7.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application
- 7.1.1. Food and Beverage
- 7.1.2. Cosmetics and Personal Care
- 7.1.3. Nutraceuticals
- 7.1.4. Others
- 7.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 7.2.1. Raw
- 7.2.2. Roasted
- 7.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application
- 8. Europe Macadamia Butter Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2020-2032
- 8.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application
- 8.1.1. Food and Beverage
- 8.1.2. Cosmetics and Personal Care
- 8.1.3. Nutraceuticals
- 8.1.4. Others
- 8.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 8.2.1. Raw
- 8.2.2. Roasted
- 8.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application
- 9. Middle East & Africa Macadamia Butter Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2020-2032
- 9.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application
- 9.1.1. Food and Beverage
- 9.1.2. Cosmetics and Personal Care
- 9.1.3. Nutraceuticals
- 9.1.4. Others
- 9.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 9.2.1. Raw
- 9.2.2. Roasted
- 9.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application
- 10. Asia Pacific Macadamia Butter Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2020-2032
- 10.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application
- 10.1.1. Food and Beverage
- 10.1.2. Cosmetics and Personal Care
- 10.1.3. Nutraceuticals
- 10.1.4. Others
- 10.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Type
- 10.2.1. Raw
- 10.2.2. Roasted
- 10.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application
- 11. Competitive Analysis
- 11.1. Global Market Share Analysis 2025
- 11.2. Company Profiles
- 11.2.1 MaraNatha
- 11.2.1.1. Overview
- 11.2.1.2. Products
- 11.2.1.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.1.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.1.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.2 Futter’s Nut Butters
- 11.2.2.1. Overview
- 11.2.2.2. Products
- 11.2.2.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.2.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.2.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.3 Wilderness Poets
- 11.2.3.1. Overview
- 11.2.3.2. Products
- 11.2.3.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.3.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.3.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.4 Big Spoon Roasters
- 11.2.4.1. Overview
- 11.2.4.2. Products
- 11.2.4.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.4.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.4.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.5 Woodstock Foods
- 11.2.5.1. Overview
- 11.2.5.2. Products
- 11.2.5.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.5.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.5.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.6 Yumbutter
- 11.2.6.1. Overview
- 11.2.6.2. Products
- 11.2.6.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.6.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.6.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.7 Carley’s of Cornwall Ltd
- 11.2.7.1. Overview
- 11.2.7.2. Products
- 11.2.7.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.7.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.7.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.8 Tiny Isle
- 11.2.8.1. Overview
- 11.2.8.2. Products
- 11.2.8.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.8.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.8.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.9 Torere Macadamias
- 11.2.9.1. Overview
- 11.2.9.2. Products
- 11.2.9.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.9.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.9.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.10 Artisana Organic Foods
- 11.2.10.1. Overview
- 11.2.10.2. Products
- 11.2.10.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.10.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.10.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.1 MaraNatha
List of Figures
- Figure 1: Global Macadamia Butter Revenue Breakdown (million, %) by Region 2025 & 2033
- Figure 2: North America Macadamia Butter Revenue (million), by Application 2025 & 2033
- Figure 3: North America Macadamia Butter Revenue Share (%), by Application 2025 & 2033
- Figure 4: North America Macadamia Butter Revenue (million), by Type 2025 & 2033
- Figure 5: North America Macadamia Butter Revenue Share (%), by Type 2025 & 2033
- Figure 6: North America Macadamia Butter Revenue (million), by Country 2025 & 2033
- Figure 7: North America Macadamia Butter Revenue Share (%), by Country 2025 & 2033
- Figure 8: South America Macadamia Butter Revenue (million), by Application 2025 & 2033
- Figure 9: South America Macadamia Butter Revenue Share (%), by Application 2025 & 2033
- Figure 10: South America Macadamia Butter Revenue (million), by Type 2025 & 2033
- Figure 11: South America Macadamia Butter Revenue Share (%), by Type 2025 & 2033
- Figure 12: South America Macadamia Butter Revenue (million), by Country 2025 & 2033
- Figure 13: South America Macadamia Butter Revenue Share (%), by Country 2025 & 2033
- Figure 14: Europe Macadamia Butter Revenue (million), by Application 2025 & 2033
- Figure 15: Europe Macadamia Butter Revenue Share (%), by Application 2025 & 2033
- Figure 16: Europe Macadamia Butter Revenue (million), by Type 2025 & 2033
- Figure 17: Europe Macadamia Butter Revenue Share (%), by Type 2025 & 2033
- Figure 18: Europe Macadamia Butter Revenue (million), by Country 2025 & 2033
- Figure 19: Europe Macadamia Butter Revenue Share (%), by Country 2025 & 2033
- Figure 20: Middle East & Africa Macadamia Butter Revenue (million), by Application 2025 & 2033
- Figure 21: Middle East & Africa Macadamia Butter Revenue Share (%), by Application 2025 & 2033
- Figure 22: Middle East & Africa Macadamia Butter Revenue (million), by Type 2025 & 2033
- Figure 23: Middle East & Africa Macadamia Butter Revenue Share (%), by Type 2025 & 2033
- Figure 24: Middle East & Africa Macadamia Butter Revenue (million), by Country 2025 & 2033
- Figure 25: Middle East & Africa Macadamia Butter Revenue Share (%), by Country 2025 & 2033
- Figure 26: Asia Pacific Macadamia Butter Revenue (million), by Application 2025 & 2033
- Figure 27: Asia Pacific Macadamia Butter Revenue Share (%), by Application 2025 & 2033
- Figure 28: Asia Pacific Macadamia Butter Revenue (million), by Type 2025 & 2033
- Figure 29: Asia Pacific Macadamia Butter Revenue Share (%), by Type 2025 & 2033
- Figure 30: Asia Pacific Macadamia Butter Revenue (million), by Country 2025 & 2033
- Figure 31: Asia Pacific Macadamia Butter Revenue Share (%), by Country 2025 & 2033
List of Tables
- Table 1: Global Macadamia Butter Revenue million Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 2: Global Macadamia Butter Revenue million Forecast, by Type 2020 & 2033
- Table 3: Global Macadamia Butter Revenue million Forecast, by Region 2020 & 2033
- Table 4: Global Macadamia Butter Revenue million Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 5: Global Macadamia Butter Revenue million Forecast, by Type 2020 & 2033
- Table 6: Global Macadamia Butter Revenue million Forecast, by Country 2020 & 2033
- Table 7: United States Macadamia Butter Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 8: Canada Macadamia Butter Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 9: Mexico Macadamia Butter Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 10: Global Macadamia Butter Revenue million Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 11: Global Macadamia Butter Revenue million Forecast, by Type 2020 & 2033
- Table 12: Global Macadamia Butter Revenue million Forecast, by Country 2020 & 2033
- Table 13: Brazil Macadamia Butter Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 14: Argentina Macadamia Butter Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 15: Rest of South America Macadamia Butter Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 16: Global Macadamia Butter Revenue million Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 17: Global Macadamia Butter Revenue million Forecast, by Type 2020 & 2033
- Table 18: Global Macadamia Butter Revenue million Forecast, by Country 2020 & 2033
- Table 19: United Kingdom Macadamia Butter Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 20: Germany Macadamia Butter Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 21: France Macadamia Butter Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 22: Italy Macadamia Butter Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 23: Spain Macadamia Butter Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 24: Russia Macadamia Butter Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 25: Benelux Macadamia Butter Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 26: Nordics Macadamia Butter Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 27: Rest of Europe Macadamia Butter Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 28: Global Macadamia Butter Revenue million Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 29: Global Macadamia Butter Revenue million Forecast, by Type 2020 & 2033
- Table 30: Global Macadamia Butter Revenue million Forecast, by Country 2020 & 2033
- Table 31: Turkey Macadamia Butter Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 32: Israel Macadamia Butter Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 33: GCC Macadamia Butter Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 34: North Africa Macadamia Butter Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 35: South Africa Macadamia Butter Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 36: Rest of Middle East & Africa Macadamia Butter Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 37: Global Macadamia Butter Revenue million Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 38: Global Macadamia Butter Revenue million Forecast, by Type 2020 & 2033
- Table 39: Global Macadamia Butter Revenue million Forecast, by Country 2020 & 2033
- Table 40: China Macadamia Butter Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 41: India Macadamia Butter Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 42: Japan Macadamia Butter Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 43: South Korea Macadamia Butter Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 44: ASEAN Macadamia Butter Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 45: Oceania Macadamia Butter Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
- Table 46: Rest of Asia Pacific Macadamia Butter Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2020 & 2033
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is the projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of the Macadamia Butter?
The projected CAGR is approximately 8.3%.
2. Which companies are prominent players in the Macadamia Butter?
Key companies in the market include MaraNatha, Futter’s Nut Butters, Wilderness Poets, Big Spoon Roasters, Woodstock Foods, Yumbutter, Carley’s of Cornwall Ltd, Tiny Isle, Torere Macadamias, Artisana Organic Foods.
3. What are the main segments of the Macadamia Butter?
The market segments include Application, Type.
4. Can you provide details about the market size?
The market size is estimated to be USD 281 million as of 2022.
5. What are some drivers contributing to market growth?
N/A
6. What are the notable trends driving market growth?
N/A
7. Are there any restraints impacting market growth?
N/A
8. Can you provide examples of recent developments in the market?
N/A
9. What pricing options are available for accessing the report?
Pricing options include single-user, multi-user, and enterprise licenses priced at USD 4250.00, USD 6375.00, and USD 8500.00 respectively.
10. Is the market size provided in terms of value or volume?
The market size is provided in terms of value, measured in million.
11. Are there any specific market keywords associated with the report?
Yes, the market keyword associated with the report is "Macadamia Butter," which aids in identifying and referencing the specific market segment covered.
12. How do I determine which pricing option suits my needs best?
The pricing options vary based on user requirements and access needs. Individual users may opt for single-user licenses, while businesses requiring broader access may choose multi-user or enterprise licenses for cost-effective access to the report.
13. Are there any additional resources or data provided in the Macadamia Butter report?
While the report offers comprehensive insights, it's advisable to review the specific contents or supplementary materials provided to ascertain if additional resources or data are available.
14. How can I stay updated on further developments or reports in the Macadamia Butter?
To stay informed about further developments, trends, and reports in the Macadamia Butter, consider subscribing to industry newsletters, following relevant companies and organizations, or regularly checking reputable industry news sources and publications.
Methodology
Step 1 - Identification of Relevant Samples Size from Population Database
Step 2 - Approaches for Defining Global Market Size (Value, Volume* & Price*)
Note*: In applicable scenarios
Step 3 - Data Sources
Primary Research
- Web Analytics
- Survey Reports
- Research Institute
- Latest Research Reports
- Opinion Leaders
Secondary Research
- Annual Reports
- White Paper
- Latest Press Release
- Industry Association
- Paid Database
- Investor Presentations
Step 4 - Data Triangulation
Involves using different sources of information in order to increase the validity of a study
These sources are likely to be stakeholders in a program - participants, other researchers, program staff, other community members, and so on.
Then we put all data in single framework & apply various statistical tools to find out the dynamic on the market.
During the analysis stage, feedback from the stakeholder groups would be compared to determine areas of agreement as well as areas of divergence