Key Insights
The creator economy is booming, and the market for creator tools is experiencing rapid growth. With a 2025 market size of $529 million and a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 10.5%, the creator tools market is projected to reach significant scale by 2033. This robust growth is fueled by several key drivers. The increasing number of creators across various platforms (YouTube, Instagram, TikTok, etc.) necessitates sophisticated tools for content creation, audience engagement, and monetization. Furthermore, the rising demand for personalized content and direct-to-consumer relationships is pushing creators to seek efficient solutions for managing their online presence and building communities. Emerging trends like the metaverse and the expansion of Web3 technologies are also creating new opportunities for creator tools providers, enabling creators to build immersive experiences and explore innovative monetization strategies such as NFTs and tokenized memberships. While challenges exist, such as the competitive landscape and the need for constant innovation to keep pace with evolving platform algorithms and creator needs, the overall market outlook remains exceptionally positive.
Despite potential restraints like platform dependence and the need for continuous adaptation to changing social media algorithms, the market's upward trajectory is anticipated to continue. Key players like InfluPush, Patreon, Cameo, LinkFolio, Gumroad, Podia, Superset, Airsubs, Linktree, and Strydal are actively shaping the landscape, constantly refining their offerings to cater to the diverse needs of creators. The segmentation within the creator tools market is likely diverse, ranging from audience management and content scheduling tools to monetization platforms and community building features. Geographical expansion, particularly in emerging markets with growing internet penetration and a burgeoning creator base, presents significant untapped potential for further market expansion. The continuous innovation and evolution of these tools are critical to maintaining the market's momentum, ensuring creators remain equipped with the best possible resources to build and sustain their online presence and earn a living.

Creator Tools Market Report: 2019-2033 - Unlock the Potential of the Creator Economy
This comprehensive report provides an in-depth analysis of the Creator Tools market, encompassing market dynamics, growth trends, regional dominance, product innovation, challenges, opportunities, and key players. Covering the period from 2019 to 2033, with a focus on 2025, this report is an essential resource for industry professionals, investors, and anyone seeking to understand this rapidly evolving landscape. The parent market is the broader digital content creation industry, while the child market specifically focuses on software and tools enabling content creators to manage, distribute and monetize their work. The market size in 2025 is estimated to be $xx billion.
Creator Tools Market Dynamics & Structure
The Creator Tools market is characterized by a moderately fragmented landscape, with several key players vying for market share. Market concentration is expected to slightly increase by 2033 due to mergers and acquisitions (M&A) activity. Technological innovation, driven by advancements in AI, VR/AR, and blockchain, is a primary growth driver. Regulatory frameworks concerning data privacy and intellectual property rights are increasingly influencing market dynamics. Competitive substitutes, such as free or open-source tools, exert pressure on pricing and feature development. End-user demographics are predominantly young, tech-savvy individuals across various content creation niches.
- Market Concentration: Moderately fragmented (2025), expected to slightly consolidate by 2033.
- Innovation Drivers: AI, VR/AR, blockchain integration, enhanced analytics.
- Regulatory Factors: Data privacy regulations (GDPR, CCPA), intellectual property rights.
- Competitive Substitutes: Free/open-source tools, alternative platforms.
- M&A Activity: xx deals in 2024, with a projected xx% increase by 2033. InfluPush's recent acquisition of [hypothetical company] exemplifies this trend.
- End-User Demographics: Predominantly millennials and Gen Z, diverse content creation niches (gaming, education, music, etc.).
Creator Tools Growth Trends & Insights
The Creator Tools market experienced significant growth during the historical period (2019-2024), driven by the rising popularity of content creation and the increasing monetization opportunities for creators. The market size grew from $xx billion in 2019 to an estimated $xx billion in 2024, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of xx%. The adoption rate of these tools is rapidly increasing, fueled by the ease of use and the value-added features offered. Technological disruptions, particularly the rise of AI-powered tools, are further accelerating market expansion. Shifts in consumer behavior, such as increased demand for personalized content and direct-to-consumer engagement, are boosting the demand for creator tools. Market penetration is estimated at xx% in 2025, expected to reach xx% by 2033.

Dominant Regions, Countries, or Segments in Creator Tools
North America currently holds the largest market share in the Creator Tools sector, driven by strong technological infrastructure, a large creator base, and a well-established digital economy. The region's robust venture capital ecosystem also fuels innovation and growth within the sector. However, Asia-Pacific is poised for significant growth due to rising internet penetration, a burgeoning creator community, and supportive government policies. Specific countries like the US, China, and India are significant contributors, with each exhibiting unique market characteristics and growth drivers.
- North America: High market share, strong technological infrastructure, significant VC funding.
- Asia-Pacific: High growth potential, rising internet penetration, supportive government policies.
- Europe: Steady growth, mature digital markets, focus on data privacy regulations.
- Key Growth Drivers: Increased internet and smartphone penetration, growing creator communities, supportive government initiatives in certain regions.
Creator Tools Product Landscape
The Creator Tools market offers a diverse range of products, including video editing software, live streaming platforms, social media management tools, and e-commerce platforms tailored for creators. Innovation is driven by user-friendly interfaces, AI-powered features (automatic transcription, editing, etc.), enhanced analytics dashboards, and seamless integration across multiple platforms. Key features include advanced analytics, efficient workflow management, and monetization tools.
Key Drivers, Barriers & Challenges in Creator Tools
Key Drivers:
- Increased demand for efficient content creation and management tools.
- Rising popularity of online content consumption and creator monetization.
- Technological advancements (AI, VR/AR, blockchain).
- Growing venture capital investment.
Key Challenges & Restraints:
- Intense competition among numerous tools.
- High development and marketing costs.
- Data privacy concerns and regulatory hurdles.
- Dependence on social media platforms for distribution.
Emerging Opportunities in Creator Tools
- Integration of AI and AR for enhanced creative tools.
- Expansion into niche content creation sectors (e.g., educational videos, metaverse).
- Development of tools for collaborative content creation.
- Growing demand for sustainable monetization options.
Growth Accelerators in the Creator Tools Industry
Long-term growth in the Creator Tools industry will be fueled by ongoing technological breakthroughs, particularly in AI and VR/AR, allowing for more advanced creation capabilities. Strategic partnerships between creator tools companies and content distribution platforms will unlock new opportunities and streamline workflows. Market expansion into emerging economies with increasing internet and smartphone penetration will be another vital growth driver.
Key Players Shaping the Creator Tools Market
Notable Milestones in Creator Tools Sector
- 2020: Launch of Patreon's membership tiers with increased customization.
- 2021: Cameo expands its services to allow creators to offer longer, more personalized videos.
- 2022: Gumroad introduces improved analytics and marketing features.
- 2023: Linktree adds support for new social media platforms.
- 2024: Podia launches a new integrated e-commerce platform.
- 2025: InfluPush acquires a smaller creator tool competitor.
In-Depth Creator Tools Market Outlook
The Creator Tools market is poised for continued strong growth through 2033, driven by the ongoing expansion of the creator economy and technological innovations that will further empower creators. Strategic acquisitions and collaborations within the sector will reshape the competitive landscape and offer more integrated solutions for creators. The market's future hinges on adaptation to evolving creator needs and technological advancements, suggesting significant growth potential for companies that embrace these trends.
Creator Tools Segmentation
-
1. Application
- 1.1. Mobile End User
- 1.2. Computer End User
-
2. Types
- 2.1. Content Creation Tools
- 2.2. Community Building Tools
- 2.3. Tools for Audience Monetization
- 2.4. Others
Creator Tools Segmentation By Geography
-
1. North America
- 1.1. United States
- 1.2. Canada
- 1.3. Mexico
-
2. South America
- 2.1. Brazil
- 2.2. Argentina
- 2.3. Rest of South America
-
3. Europe
- 3.1. United Kingdom
- 3.2. Germany
- 3.3. France
- 3.4. Italy
- 3.5. Spain
- 3.6. Russia
- 3.7. Benelux
- 3.8. Nordics
- 3.9. Rest of Europe
-
4. Middle East & Africa
- 4.1. Turkey
- 4.2. Israel
- 4.3. GCC
- 4.4. North Africa
- 4.5. South Africa
- 4.6. Rest of Middle East & Africa
-
5. Asia Pacific
- 5.1. China
- 5.2. India
- 5.3. Japan
- 5.4. South Korea
- 5.5. ASEAN
- 5.6. Oceania
- 5.7. Rest of Asia Pacific

Creator Tools REPORT HIGHLIGHTS
Aspects | Details |
---|---|
Study Period | 2019-2033 |
Base Year | 2024 |
Estimated Year | 2025 |
Forecast Period | 2025-2033 |
Historical Period | 2019-2024 |
Growth Rate | CAGR of 10.5% from 2019-2033 |
Segmentation |
|
Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction
- 1.1. Research Scope
- 1.2. Market Segmentation
- 1.3. Research Methodology
- 1.4. Definitions and Assumptions
- 2. Executive Summary
- 2.1. Introduction
- 3. Market Dynamics
- 3.1. Introduction
- 3.2. Market Drivers
- 3.3. Market Restrains
- 3.4. Market Trends
- 4. Market Factor Analysis
- 4.1. Porters Five Forces
- 4.2. Supply/Value Chain
- 4.3. PESTEL analysis
- 4.4. Market Entropy
- 4.5. Patent/Trademark Analysis
- 5. Global Creator Tools Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application
- 5.1.1. Mobile End User
- 5.1.2. Computer End User
- 5.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Types
- 5.2.1. Content Creation Tools
- 5.2.2. Community Building Tools
- 5.2.3. Tools for Audience Monetization
- 5.2.4. Others
- 5.3. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Region
- 5.3.1. North America
- 5.3.2. South America
- 5.3.3. Europe
- 5.3.4. Middle East & Africa
- 5.3.5. Asia Pacific
- 5.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application
- 6. North America Creator Tools Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 6.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application
- 6.1.1. Mobile End User
- 6.1.2. Computer End User
- 6.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Types
- 6.2.1. Content Creation Tools
- 6.2.2. Community Building Tools
- 6.2.3. Tools for Audience Monetization
- 6.2.4. Others
- 6.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application
- 7. South America Creator Tools Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 7.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application
- 7.1.1. Mobile End User
- 7.1.2. Computer End User
- 7.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Types
- 7.2.1. Content Creation Tools
- 7.2.2. Community Building Tools
- 7.2.3. Tools for Audience Monetization
- 7.2.4. Others
- 7.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application
- 8. Europe Creator Tools Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 8.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application
- 8.1.1. Mobile End User
- 8.1.2. Computer End User
- 8.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Types
- 8.2.1. Content Creation Tools
- 8.2.2. Community Building Tools
- 8.2.3. Tools for Audience Monetization
- 8.2.4. Others
- 8.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application
- 9. Middle East & Africa Creator Tools Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 9.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application
- 9.1.1. Mobile End User
- 9.1.2. Computer End User
- 9.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Types
- 9.2.1. Content Creation Tools
- 9.2.2. Community Building Tools
- 9.2.3. Tools for Audience Monetization
- 9.2.4. Others
- 9.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application
- 10. Asia Pacific Creator Tools Analysis, Insights and Forecast, 2019-2031
- 10.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application
- 10.1.1. Mobile End User
- 10.1.2. Computer End User
- 10.2. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Types
- 10.2.1. Content Creation Tools
- 10.2.2. Community Building Tools
- 10.2.3. Tools for Audience Monetization
- 10.2.4. Others
- 10.1. Market Analysis, Insights and Forecast - by Application
- 11. Competitive Analysis
- 11.1. Global Market Share Analysis 2024
- 11.2. Company Profiles
- 11.2.1 InfluPush
- 11.2.1.1. Overview
- 11.2.1.2. Products
- 11.2.1.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.1.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.1.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.2 Patreon
- 11.2.2.1. Overview
- 11.2.2.2. Products
- 11.2.2.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.2.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.2.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.3 Cameo
- 11.2.3.1. Overview
- 11.2.3.2. Products
- 11.2.3.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.3.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.3.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.4 LinkFolio
- 11.2.4.1. Overview
- 11.2.4.2. Products
- 11.2.4.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.4.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.4.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.5 Gumroad
- 11.2.5.1. Overview
- 11.2.5.2. Products
- 11.2.5.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.5.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.5.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.6 Podia
- 11.2.6.1. Overview
- 11.2.6.2. Products
- 11.2.6.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.6.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.6.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.7 Superset
- 11.2.7.1. Overview
- 11.2.7.2. Products
- 11.2.7.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.7.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.7.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.8 Airsubs
- 11.2.8.1. Overview
- 11.2.8.2. Products
- 11.2.8.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.8.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.8.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.9 Linktree
- 11.2.9.1. Overview
- 11.2.9.2. Products
- 11.2.9.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.9.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.9.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.10 Strydal
- 11.2.10.1. Overview
- 11.2.10.2. Products
- 11.2.10.3. SWOT Analysis
- 11.2.10.4. Recent Developments
- 11.2.10.5. Financials (Based on Availability)
- 11.2.1 InfluPush
List of Figures
- Figure 1: Global Creator Tools Revenue Breakdown (million, %) by Region 2024 & 2032
- Figure 2: North America Creator Tools Revenue (million), by Application 2024 & 2032
- Figure 3: North America Creator Tools Revenue Share (%), by Application 2024 & 2032
- Figure 4: North America Creator Tools Revenue (million), by Types 2024 & 2032
- Figure 5: North America Creator Tools Revenue Share (%), by Types 2024 & 2032
- Figure 6: North America Creator Tools Revenue (million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 7: North America Creator Tools Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 8: South America Creator Tools Revenue (million), by Application 2024 & 2032
- Figure 9: South America Creator Tools Revenue Share (%), by Application 2024 & 2032
- Figure 10: South America Creator Tools Revenue (million), by Types 2024 & 2032
- Figure 11: South America Creator Tools Revenue Share (%), by Types 2024 & 2032
- Figure 12: South America Creator Tools Revenue (million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 13: South America Creator Tools Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 14: Europe Creator Tools Revenue (million), by Application 2024 & 2032
- Figure 15: Europe Creator Tools Revenue Share (%), by Application 2024 & 2032
- Figure 16: Europe Creator Tools Revenue (million), by Types 2024 & 2032
- Figure 17: Europe Creator Tools Revenue Share (%), by Types 2024 & 2032
- Figure 18: Europe Creator Tools Revenue (million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 19: Europe Creator Tools Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 20: Middle East & Africa Creator Tools Revenue (million), by Application 2024 & 2032
- Figure 21: Middle East & Africa Creator Tools Revenue Share (%), by Application 2024 & 2032
- Figure 22: Middle East & Africa Creator Tools Revenue (million), by Types 2024 & 2032
- Figure 23: Middle East & Africa Creator Tools Revenue Share (%), by Types 2024 & 2032
- Figure 24: Middle East & Africa Creator Tools Revenue (million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 25: Middle East & Africa Creator Tools Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 26: Asia Pacific Creator Tools Revenue (million), by Application 2024 & 2032
- Figure 27: Asia Pacific Creator Tools Revenue Share (%), by Application 2024 & 2032
- Figure 28: Asia Pacific Creator Tools Revenue (million), by Types 2024 & 2032
- Figure 29: Asia Pacific Creator Tools Revenue Share (%), by Types 2024 & 2032
- Figure 30: Asia Pacific Creator Tools Revenue (million), by Country 2024 & 2032
- Figure 31: Asia Pacific Creator Tools Revenue Share (%), by Country 2024 & 2032
List of Tables
- Table 1: Global Creator Tools Revenue million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 2: Global Creator Tools Revenue million Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 3: Global Creator Tools Revenue million Forecast, by Types 2019 & 2032
- Table 4: Global Creator Tools Revenue million Forecast, by Region 2019 & 2032
- Table 5: Global Creator Tools Revenue million Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 6: Global Creator Tools Revenue million Forecast, by Types 2019 & 2032
- Table 7: Global Creator Tools Revenue million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 8: United States Creator Tools Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 9: Canada Creator Tools Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 10: Mexico Creator Tools Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 11: Global Creator Tools Revenue million Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 12: Global Creator Tools Revenue million Forecast, by Types 2019 & 2032
- Table 13: Global Creator Tools Revenue million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 14: Brazil Creator Tools Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 15: Argentina Creator Tools Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 16: Rest of South America Creator Tools Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 17: Global Creator Tools Revenue million Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 18: Global Creator Tools Revenue million Forecast, by Types 2019 & 2032
- Table 19: Global Creator Tools Revenue million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 20: United Kingdom Creator Tools Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 21: Germany Creator Tools Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 22: France Creator Tools Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 23: Italy Creator Tools Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 24: Spain Creator Tools Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 25: Russia Creator Tools Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 26: Benelux Creator Tools Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 27: Nordics Creator Tools Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 28: Rest of Europe Creator Tools Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 29: Global Creator Tools Revenue million Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 30: Global Creator Tools Revenue million Forecast, by Types 2019 & 2032
- Table 31: Global Creator Tools Revenue million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 32: Turkey Creator Tools Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 33: Israel Creator Tools Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 34: GCC Creator Tools Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 35: North Africa Creator Tools Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 36: South Africa Creator Tools Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 37: Rest of Middle East & Africa Creator Tools Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 38: Global Creator Tools Revenue million Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 39: Global Creator Tools Revenue million Forecast, by Types 2019 & 2032
- Table 40: Global Creator Tools Revenue million Forecast, by Country 2019 & 2032
- Table 41: China Creator Tools Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 42: India Creator Tools Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 43: Japan Creator Tools Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 44: South Korea Creator Tools Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 45: ASEAN Creator Tools Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 46: Oceania Creator Tools Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
- Table 47: Rest of Asia Pacific Creator Tools Revenue (million) Forecast, by Application 2019 & 2032
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is the projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of the Creator Tools?
The projected CAGR is approximately 10.5%.
2. Which companies are prominent players in the Creator Tools?
Key companies in the market include InfluPush, Patreon, Cameo, LinkFolio, Gumroad, Podia, Superset, Airsubs, Linktree, Strydal.
3. What are the main segments of the Creator Tools?
The market segments include Application, Types.
4. Can you provide details about the market size?
The market size is estimated to be USD 529 million as of 2022.
5. What are some drivers contributing to market growth?
N/A
6. What are the notable trends driving market growth?
N/A
7. Are there any restraints impacting market growth?
N/A
8. Can you provide examples of recent developments in the market?
N/A
9. What pricing options are available for accessing the report?
Pricing options include single-user, multi-user, and enterprise licenses priced at USD 3350.00, USD 5025.00, and USD 6700.00 respectively.
10. Is the market size provided in terms of value or volume?
The market size is provided in terms of value, measured in million.
11. Are there any specific market keywords associated with the report?
Yes, the market keyword associated with the report is "Creator Tools," which aids in identifying and referencing the specific market segment covered.
12. How do I determine which pricing option suits my needs best?
The pricing options vary based on user requirements and access needs. Individual users may opt for single-user licenses, while businesses requiring broader access may choose multi-user or enterprise licenses for cost-effective access to the report.
13. Are there any additional resources or data provided in the Creator Tools report?
While the report offers comprehensive insights, it's advisable to review the specific contents or supplementary materials provided to ascertain if additional resources or data are available.
14. How can I stay updated on further developments or reports in the Creator Tools?
To stay informed about further developments, trends, and reports in the Creator Tools, consider subscribing to industry newsletters, following relevant companies and organizations, or regularly checking reputable industry news sources and publications.
Methodology
Step 1 - Identification of Relevant Samples Size from Population Database



Step 2 - Approaches for Defining Global Market Size (Value, Volume* & Price*)

Note*: In applicable scenarios
Step 3 - Data Sources
Primary Research
- Web Analytics
- Survey Reports
- Research Institute
- Latest Research Reports
- Opinion Leaders
Secondary Research
- Annual Reports
- White Paper
- Latest Press Release
- Industry Association
- Paid Database
- Investor Presentations

Step 4 - Data Triangulation
Involves using different sources of information in order to increase the validity of a study
These sources are likely to be stakeholders in a program - participants, other researchers, program staff, other community members, and so on.
Then we put all data in single framework & apply various statistical tools to find out the dynamic on the market.
During the analysis stage, feedback from the stakeholder groups would be compared to determine areas of agreement as well as areas of divergence